AP World History Chapter 27: The Islamic Empires

The 3 Gunpowder Empires

Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughals

These empires are seen in the

Post-Mongol world in Central and South Asia

The 4 Mongol Khantes and their Regions

1. The Golden Horde (Russia, Eastern Europe)

2. Yuan Dynasty (China, East Asia)

3. Il-Khanate (of Persia, Southwest Asia)

4. Chagati (The Stans, Central Asia)

Why are these empires known as the Gunpowder Empires?

A strong military that utilized gunpowder in artillery (weapons, firearms, canons)

Where did they get gunpowder from?

Culturally diffused from China

Common Traits of these Empires

• warrior societies & expanded their territory top neighboring lands

• descended from Turkish nomads - Central Asia, steppe traditions (geographic, mountains, distribute water) and Turkish language (unification, sense of culture)

• new technology- gunpowder, guns, cannons

• breakup of Mongol Khanates

• talented rulers

• Europeans fighting with each other - not unified (Feudalism)

Common Traits: Leadership in All 3 Empires

Success of empires depended on leaders who were militarily competent (Ghazi Ideal) and religious (Islam)

They began to move away from

Muslim Scholars educated in Quran and Sharia Law to Muslim Secular leaders who didn’t follow the law as strictly

Descents from Central Asia meant…

Autocratic rulers, Nomadic survival, traditions

Under Sharia Law…

Women couldn’t have certain roles

Tamerlane was known for being a…

Mongol-Turk and being Nomadic (from the steppes)

During Tamerlane’s rule he…

invaded Central and Southwest Asia

Tamerlane started the city of…

Samarkand (Uzbekistan) [where he encouraged learning, the arts and literature, corresponded with European rulers and wrote his memoirs]

Tamerlane made conquests to ________ which were possible due to ___________ and ________, but they had ____________

Persia (Modern day Iran) and India, gunpowder and military, no efficiently government

Tamerlane’s descendants, Babur established the

Mughal Dynatsy

Countries in Central Asia includes:

Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan

Because of the Central Asian steppes they had a

Nomadic lifestyle for survival

Ghazi Ideal

Began in Central Asia, a model warrior life blending nomadic culture (for survival) with willingness to fight and die for Islam (holy warrior)