INFILTRATION

HISTOPATH (MTAP)

IMPREGNATION

Infiltration is also referred to as?

INFILTRATION

It involves the removal of a clearing agent and later on, will be replaced by a medium that will fill in the cavities and tissue spaces.

1. REMOVE CLEARING AGENT FROM TISSUE

2. FILL UP CAVITIES AND TISSUE SPACES

2 Purposes of Infiltration?

TO GIVE TISSUE A FIRM CONSISTENCY

Why does Infiltration requires to fill up cavities and tissue spaces?

• AUTOPSY

• BIOPSY

• CYTOLOGICAL

Different types of Specimens?

• AUTOPSY

• BIOPSY

Type of specimens requires for PAP smear?

1. PARRAFIN WAX

2. CELLOIDIN

3. GELATIN

3 Methods of Infiltration?

PARAFFIN WAX INFILTRATION

This is the application of heat

PARAFFIN WAX INFILTRATION

Most carried out method in tissue processing due to its rapid procedure

PARAFFIN WAX

Medium used for Paraffin wax Infiltration?

56 C

Melting point of Paraffin wax?

PARAFFIN WAX

The most commonly used infiltrating agent

PARAFFIN WAX INFILTRATION

Disadvantage: It is NOT SUITED to fatty tissues; because it uses heat causing fats to melt.

1. MANUAL

2. AUTOMATIC

3. VACUUM

3 Ways of Paraffin Infiltration?

OVEN

Manual method of Paraffin Infiltration is carried out using an?

55 - 60 C

Melting point of Oven in Manual Paraffin Infitration?

MANUAL PARAFFIN INFILTRATION

Purpose: keep the wax melted.

FOUR CHANGES EVERY 15 MINUTES

How many changes of wax does Manual Paraffin Infiltration requires?

1 HOUR

Manual Paraffin Infiltration is completed in?

AUTOTECHNICON

Automatic method of Paraffin Infiltration is carried out using an?

AUTOTECHNICON

An automatic tissue processor that can do the first four steps (Fixation, Dehydration, Clearing, and Infiltration) in tissue processing.

AUTOMATIC PARAFFIN INFILTRATION

More rapid than manual (heat generated and constant agitation)

2 TO 3 CHANGES

How many changes of wax does Automatic Paraffin Infiltration requires?

VACUUM PARAFFIN INFILTRATION

This method is under negative atmospheric pressure inside the oven. 

VACUUM PARAFFIN INFILTRATION

Most rapid method among the two (manual and automatic).

RAPID REMOVAL OF BUBBLES AND CLEARING AGENT

In Vacuum Paraffin Infiltration; the use of negative atmospheric pressure will facilitate?

VACUUM PARAFFIN INFILTRATION

Recommended: for urgent biopsies like lungs, brain, eyes, spleen, and CNS

56 C

Melting point of Vacuum Paraffin Infiltration?

1. PARAPLAST

2. BIOLOID

3. EMBEDDOL

4. CARBOWAX

5. ESTERWAX

What are 5 Substitutes for Paraffin Wax?

PARAPLAST

Substitute for paraffin wax

PARAPLAST

Recommended: for bones and brain specimen

BIOLOID

Recommended: for eye specimens

EMBEDDOL

Similar to paraplast but with a higher melting point

56 - 58 C

Melting point of Embeddol?

CARBOWAX

A water-soluble wax for enzyme histochemistry

CARBOWAX

Advantage: it will eliminate dehydration and clearing process. 

CARBOWAX

Recommended: enzyme studies

ESTER WAX

Has a lower melting point

46 - 48 C

Melting point of Ester Wax?

ESTER WAX

Harder than paraffin wax, and also a substitute of paraffin wax

HEAVY DUTY MICROTOME

In using Ester wax, what type of microtome does it requires?

CELLOIDIN INFILTRATION

This is the application NO heat

CELLOIDIN

Infiltrating agent used for Celloidin Infiltration?

COLLODION

Celloidin is also referred to as?

CELLOIDIN INFILTRATION

DISADVANTAGE: does not require heat; process is slow, thin section for photomicrography are difficult to obtained

CELLOIDIN INFILTRATION

Used for large cavity specimens that are tends to collapse

CELLOIDIN INFILTRATION

Recommended: for bones, brain, and whole organs

APPROXIMATELY 3 WEEKS

Celloidin Infiltration can be completed _____ if the tissue is small

1. THIN

2. MEDIUM

3. THICK

What is the Purpose of 3 containers used in Celloidin Infiltration?

2 - 4 %

• Label: Thin

• Celloidin: ____?

5 TO 7 DAYS

• Label: Thin

• Celloidin: 2 - 4%

• Days to complete: ____?

4 - 6 %

• Label: Medium

• Celloidin: ____?

5 TO 7 DAYS

• Label: Medium

• Celloidin: 4 - 6%

• Days to complete: ____?

8 - 12 %

• Label: Thick

• Celloidin: ____?

3 TO 5 DAYS

• Label: Thick

• Celloidin: 8 - 12%

• Days to complete: ____?

1. WET CELLOIDIN

2. DRY CELLOIDIN

What are the 2 Ways of Celloidin Infiltration?

WET CELLOIDIN

Recommended: for bones, brain, teeth, and whole organs

70% ALCOHOL

Reagent used for Wet Celloidin to store tissue block prior to cutting?

DRY CELLOIDIN

Recommended: used for eye specimens

GILSON’S MIXTURE

Reagent used for Dry Celloidin to store tissue block prior to cutting?

CHLOROFORM + CEDARWOOD OIL

Mixture of Gilson’s mixture in Dry Celloidin are?

GELATIN INFILTRATION

This method of infiltration is rarely used?

10% GELATIN

Infiltrating agent used for Gelatin Infiltration?

GELATIN INFILTRATION

Recommended: used for enzyme studies

10% GELATIN AND 1% PHENOL; 24 HOURS

Procedure: 1) Immerse the specimen in a container with ________ for _____

20% GELATIN AND 1% PHENOL; 12 HOURS

Procedure: 2) After 24 hours; transfer the specimen in another container with ______ for ____

20% GELATIN AND 1% PHENOL; 30 MINS - 1 HOUR

Procedure: 3) After 12 hours, subject the specimen again in ______; which is now allowed to cool inside the refrigeration for _______

10% FORMALIN FOR 12 - 24 HOURS

Procedure: 4) Once cooled, immediately do embedding = tissue block, then immerse into?

HARDEN TISSUE PRIOR TO SECTIONING

Purpose of Formalin in Gelatin Infiltration?

PREVENT GROWTH OF MOLDS

Purpose of Phenol in Gelatin Infiltration?