Personality Theories Chapter 7

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

What is Erikson’s main idea of development?

Development happens across the entire lifespan through psychosocial stages, each with a crisis that shapes personality.

What is an identity crisis?

A turning point in adolescence where identity is formed; it can strengthen or weaken personality.

What is the epigenetic principle?

Development follows a fixed sequence, where each stage builds on earlier ones.

What are syntonic vs dystonic elements?

• Syntonic = positive outcome

• Dystonic = negative outcome
  ➡ Both exist in every stage and must be balanced

What is a basic strength vs core pathology?

• Basic strength = positive trait gained from resolving a crisis

• Core pathology = negative outcome if the crisis is not resolved well

What is the key crisis of adolescence and why is it important?

Identity vs Identity Confusion → determines who you are (beliefs, career, values)

What group is most affected by identity development issues?

Adolescents (puberty → young adulthood)

What is required before healthy intimacy in adulthood?

A stable identity must be developed first.

What is generativity in adulthood?

Contributing to others and society (parenting, teaching, creating)

What is the main goal in old age (final stage)?

Integrity → accepting life as meaningful (vs despair/regret)

What is pseudo-speciation?

The belief that one’s own group is superior or “the true human group.”

What is psychohistory?

Study of historical figures using psychological theories

What is the overall goal of Erikson’s development?

To build a strong identity, meaningful relationships, and a sense of purpose across life