Indole alkaloids

Tryptophan

Tryptamine

Serotonin

Mushrooms, Urtica dioica, on the CNS vasoconstriction

Bufotenin

In Amanita muscaria, hallucinogenic

Psilocybin

Agaricaceae Psilocybe mexicana

Psilocin

Agaricaceae Psilocybe mexicana

Phystostigmine

Physostigmatis semen. Fabaceae Physostigma venenosum

Contains 0.1–0.2% indole alkaloids of which half is physostigmine known also as eserine (a crystalline solid, white or pinkish coloured, readily soluble in alcohol, sparingly soluble in water). The other alkaloids are eseramine, geneserine.

Cholinomimetic. Mainly used for diseases of the eye; it causes rapid contraction of the pupil and disturbed vision. Also used as a stimulant to the unstriped muscles of the intestines in chronic constipation. 

Harmane, Harmol, Harmine

Pegani harmalae semen. Zygophyllaceae Peganum harmala

3-4% alkaloids as harmine and harmaline.

Stimulates the CNS, in reduced mental capacity, in Parkinson's disease.

Passiflorae herba. Passifloraceae Passiflora incarnata

Up to 0.5% harmane alakloids (harmane, harmol, harmine). Not less than 1.5% flavonoids (С-glycosides vitexin, orientin)

Sedative. Used for the relief of the symptoms associated with stress, such as mild anxiety, mild depression, insomnia

Strychnine, brucine, toxiferine

Strychni semen. Loganiaceae Strychnos nux vomica

2-5% alkaloids as strychnine and brucine.

Stimulates CNS, the conduction of nerve impulses. Causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia.

Curare. Loganiaceae Strychnos toxifera

Chondrodendron – bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids - mainly (+)-tubocurarine (with 2 quaternary N atoms)

Strychnos – indole alkaloids (С-curarine, toxiferine)

Muscle relaxant, blocks N-cholinoreactive neuromuscular fibers in the skeletal muscle and causes temporary paralysis (in surgery, in tetanus, epileptic seizures, in electroshock therapy)

Yohimbine

aphrodisiac, in the symptomatic treatment of erectile dysfunction

Reserpine

hypotensive, neuroleptic, sedative, ulcerogenic

Raubasine

Ajmaline

antiarrhythmic

Rauwolfiae radix. Apocynaceae Rauwolfia serpentina

0.7-2.4% alkaloids as reserpine and ajmaline

Hypotensive, neuroleptic, sedative, ulcerogenic!

Yochimbe cortex. Rubiaceae Pausinystalia yochimba

Yohimbine and its isomers; tannins.

Aphrodisiac, in the symptomatic treatment of erectile dysfunction

Eburnamine

Vincamine

Vasodilator, hypotensive

Carbazole

Catharanthine

Vindoline

Vincae minoris herba. Apocynaceae Vinca minor

0.25-1.0% alkaloids as vincamine; flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins.

Hypotensive, sedative, antispasmodic

Vincamine

Apovincaminic acid

Vinpocetine

Improve blood flow to the brain, it is used for enhancing memory and preventing Alzheimer's disease, for preventing and reducing the chance of disability and death from ischemic stroke.

Vinblastine

Antitumour

Vincristine

Antitumour

Catharanthi folium. Apocynaceae Catharanthus roseus

More than 150 monomeric and dimeric alkaloids as vinblastine (0.005%) and vincristine (0.0002%).

Anticancer. Vinblastine – used to treat a number of types of cancer as Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, and testicular cancer. Vincristine – used to treat acute leukemia.

Vindesine

Vinorelbine

Ergot alkaloids

Lysergic acid

Ergine

Ergometrine=Ergobastine

Ergopeptines

Peniclavine

Claviceps purpurea. Claviciptaceae. Poaceae Secale cornutum

Ergots are obtained usually by artificial infestation of cereals with strains of the fungus selected for their virulence and their high concentration of alkaloids or by cultivation on synthetic media.

0.15 - 0.5% ergot alkaloids (lysergic acid derivatives, clavines, ergopeptines), amines (arising from the decarboxylation of amino acids); aminoacids and proteins, sterols (ergosterol, fungisterol); a high proportion of lipids: 20 to 40% of its mass consists of an oil which readily turns rancid, hence its degradation in storage; pigments, polyphenols

Ergotamine

Potent vasoconstrictor acting by stimulation of the α-adrenergic receptors. 9,10-Dihydroergotamine is more active on veins than arteries; it is a vasoregulator which "stabilizes vascular tone". Ergotamine and the semisynthetic dihydroergotamine salts are used as specific analgesics for the treatment of migraine.

Dihydroergotamine

Ergometrine

Oxytocic. It stimulates the tone of uterine muscles and prevents postpartum haemorrhage.

Methylergometrine

Semi-synthetic ergot alkaloid which affects the smooth muscle of a woman's uterus, improving the muscle tone as well as the strength and timing of uterine contractions. It is used just after a baby is born, to help deliver the placenta. It is also used to help control bleeding and to improve muscle tone in the uterus after childbirth.

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Psychedelic, interferes with serotonergic transmission

Nicergoline

cerebral vasodilator, it increases the arterial blood flow to the brain and enhances glucose and oxygen utilization by brain cells; it also decreases platelet aggregation.

2-bromo-a-ergocryptine

Postsynaptic dopaminergic agonist. Bromocriptine inhibits the secretion of prolactin. Used for: 1) Prolactin-secreting adenomas;  2) Inhibition of lactation; 3) Treatment of parkinsonism

Cabergoline

Against hyperprolactinemia