JMU COB 204 Final

Data

collection of numbers, characters, names, etc

Ex: Name, Address, GPA

Knowledge

information or data that has been organized and processed to convey understanding

Information

knowledge derived from data

Ex: students name and GPA

Primary Storage

(Main Memory)

stores information for brief periods of time on chips located on the mother board

Types: Register, Cache, RAM and ROM

Secondary Storage

stores large amounts of data for long periods of time

Ex: Magnetic tape, Disks, Flash drive

Main Memory

Main Memory = RAM

primary storage, holds software programs and small amounts of data

RAM

RAM = Main Memory

primary storage, holds software programs and small amounts of data

(Closer to the CPU than secondary storage and faster)

Cache Memory

high speed memory that enables the computer to temporarily store frequently used instructions, more cache mem = faster computer

(closer to CPU than RAM so its faster)

Read-only Memory (ROM)

where critical instructions are stored, nonvolatile

Ex: instructions for computer boot up

Volatile

needs electricity

Ex: RAM, cache, registers

Non-volatile

does NOT need electricity

Ex: ROM, Flash drive, Hard drive

Computer Processing Unit (CPU)

brain of the computer

(where the ALU sits)

Machine Cycle

4 step process performed by your computer for each instruction it receives

Fetch, Decode, Execute, Store

(Friends Don't Eat Seatus)

Output

Any info used to communicate results

Ex: Reports, Sound, Pictures, Image on a screen

Output device

Devices that communicate results

Ex: Printer, Computer monitor, Speakers

Input

Things entered into a computer

Ex: Text, Sound

Input Device

A device that feeds data into a computer

Ex: Mouse, Keyboard, Microphone

Information System

collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose

Information System Components

Hardware, Software, Network, Procedures

Enterprise System

software the entire company uses, connects all the networks in a company

Network

(Client server network most common)

connecting system that permits different computers to share resources

Ex: Wireline or Wireless

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

organizational strategy to address customer requirements and discover things about the customers, then provide high quality service

(Suite of software applications that assist a business in managing the customer life cycle)

Market Basket Analysis

companies try to find what things people buy together and put them there in the store

RFM scores

classifies customers based on Recency, Frequency, Monetary

Supervised data

Have known categories you can put customers into

Unsupervised data

Do NOT have known categories you can put customers into

Customer Life Cycle

Marketing, Acquisition, Relationship management, Lost-churn

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Development method organizations use for large projects

1. System Investigation

2. Systems Analysis

3. Systems Design

4. Programming and testing

5. Implementation

6. Operations and maintenance

RAD systems development

rapid application development

Waterfall systems development

development must happen in a set sequence

Agile systems development

do NOT have to follow a particular order when developing a system

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system

designed to correct for a lack of communication between functional area systems

Functional Area Systems

system that supports a specific area of a business

Competitive Strategy

how firms plan to gain a competitive advantage

Ex:

1. Lowest cost across an industry (Walmart)

2. Lowest cost within an industry segment (Gas in particular market like Harrisonburg)

3. Better product or service across the industry (Apple)

4. Better product or service within an industry segment (High end cars)

Value Chain

sequence of activities through which an organizations inputs are turned into more valuable outputs

Primary Activities (Value Chain)

1. Inbound Logistics: getting inputs to the factory

2. Operations: day-to-day

3. Outbound Logistics: distribution

4. Marketing and Sales

5. Service

Secondary Activities (Value Chain)

1. Firm Infrastructure: overall plan and processes to get there

2. Human Resource Management: personnel recruitment, staff training

3. Technological Development

4. Procurement: suppliers, vendors, partner contracts

Porters 5 Forces

1. Threat of New Entrants

2. Threat of Substitute product/service

3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers

4. Bargaining Power of Customers

5. Rivalry within the Industry

Business Process Management (BPM)

focuses on improving corporate performance by managing and optimising a company's business processes

Storage Mediums

places where data can be stored

Optical Storage

uses a laser

Ex: CD, DVD

Magnetic Storage

uses a magnet

Ex: flashdrive, floppy disk, magnetic tape

Vertical Market Software

software used specifically in that market

Ex: Medical office software

Horizontal Market Software

software that can be used across an industry

Ex: Microsoft office

Operating System

manages computers and allows hardware to interact with the computer

Ex: Windows, Mac OS

Open Source Software

software developed by a group of people at no cost to the user

Ex: Linex

Application Software

program designed to support SPECIFIC TASKS

Ex: Spotify, Excel, any Microsoft Office, gaming software

Data Warehouse

collection of data, organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization

(process, organize, and store info)

Data Mart

scaled down version of a data warehouse

Dirty Data

database record that contains errors like duplicated records, incomplete/outdated records

Protocol

standard set for any electronic device so they can communicate

Viral Market

marketing that is done over the web

Ex: friends tell friends, customers tell customers

Social Networking

use of dedicated websites or applications to interact with other users

Social Computing

combine social behavior with computing

Cloud Computing

computing that provides on-demand, pay as you go access, just like Apple's iCloud

Ex:

1. SAAS: subscribing to a service developed by a 3rd party (Office 365)

2. PAAS: can manage code and data

3. IAAS: takes the most work managing

Ecommerce

commerce that happens with computers and other electronic devices

Ex:

1. B2B: manufacture to wholesalers

2. B2C: Retail

3. C2C: e-Bay

Human Capital

investing in employees knowledge so they can give back to the company

Ex: Employee training

Social Capital

number of connections a person has within and between social networks

Ex: Attending an event

Mashups

website that takes info from other websites and links them to create a better user experience

Ex: Real-estat website

Implementation (Deployment)

process of converting from an old system to a new one

Ex:

1. Piolet

2. Phased: one department at a time

3. Parallel: 2 systems running side by side

4. Plunge: going right into the new system and out with the old

Malware

malicious software intended to harm a computer

Security Threats

1. Malicious Code: part of code intended to breach security or damage software (Virus, Worms)

2. Hacking: using a computer to exploit weaknesses in a computer system to gain entrance into the system (Spoofing, pre-texting, password cracking)

3. Natural Disaster

4. Theft: taking property from a computer system

IT Jobs

1. Chief Information Officer (CIO): in charge of the IS function

2. Business Analyst: designs solutions for business problems; interfaces closely with users to demonstrate how IT can be used innovatively

Database

collection of related files or tables containing data

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

maps out the tables and fields you need in your database

Table

collects info on a specific topic (person, place, or thing)

Field

column

Record

row

Primary Key

unique identifier in a table

Foreign Key

primary key from another table for the sole purpose of creating a relationship

Types of Relationships

1. One to one

2. One to many (most common)

3. Many to many