7.1 Intro to Equilibrium

What state is equilibrium in?

Equilibrium is a state in which the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products over time.

Does concentration affect equilibrium?

Concentrations (reactant and product) do not have to be the same - only reverse and forward reactions. They become constant.

What does “equilibrium is dynamic” means?

The forward and reverse reaction do not stop once equilibrium is reached. They continue at the same rate.

No net change

No observable change

Factors that affect vapor pressure (on how quickly equilibrium is established):

• Temperature - increase, VP - decrease

• Intermolecular forces - decrease, VP - increase (the weaker the bond less energy is used. Therefore, VP doesn’t require a lot of energy).

• Concentration - increase, VP - decrease (density increases so harder to VP)

• Volume and Surface area (no effect)

To establish an equilibrium u need 3 things:

• Closed system

• Reversible change

• VP stays constant ( no net change)