GENERAL PHYSICS 2

PCB (PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD)

Refers to the system of components, power, and signal sources that enable the current to flow around

OPEN CIRCUIT

A type of electrical circuit where the continuity is broken, preventing current from flowing.

• INCOMPLETE (Gap somewhere in the path)

CLOSE CIRCUIT

A type of electrical circuit that allows current to flow freely due to an unbroken path.

• (current flows) Implies that the circuit is complete

BULB

Connected to an electric power supply

CELL (DC SOURCE)

Generates electricity

BATTERY

2 or more electrochemical cells connected together to provide a voltage source.

CONNECTING WIRE

A conductor that allows electric current to flow between components in a circuit.

CAPACITOR

2 terminal electrical component for energy storage

KINDS:

1. POLARIZED

2. STANDARDIZED

RESISTOR

An electric current that limits and controls the flow of current in a circuit

• measured in OHMS

DIODE

A semi conductor device that allows current to flow in one direction

KINDS:

1. STANDARD DIODE

2. LED

TRANSISTOR

Amplify/switches electronic signals and power

INDUCTOR

Resist AC while permitting DC to pass

SWITCH

Turn on and off the electricity

TRANSFORMER

Trades voltage for current/vice-versa

AMMETER

Device used to measure current

SYMBOL: (A)

VOLTMETER

Used to measure potential difference

SYMBOL: (V)

TYPES OF CIRCUIT

1. Series Circuit

2. Parallel Circuit

SERIES CIRCUIT

Components are connected end-to-end, one after another

• makes a simple loop

• damage isa, damage all

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Components are connected side by side

• current has routes

• damage isa, dili ma-damage all

MEASURING CURRENT

Electric current is measured in amps (A) using an ammeter connected in series in the circuit

MEASURING CURRENT (SERIES CIRCUIT)

Current is the same at all points in the circuit.

MEASURING CURRENT (PARALLEL CIRCUIT)

Current is shared between the components

MEASURING VOLTAGE

The ‘electrical push’ which the cell gives to the current is called the voltage. It is measured in volts (V) on a voltmeter

• Different cells produce different voltages. The bigger the voltage supplied by the cell, the bigger the current.

• Unlike an ammeter a voltmeter is connected across the components

• Scientist usually use the term Potential Difference (pd) when they talk about voltage.

MEASURING VOLTAGE (SERIES CIRCUIT)

Voltage is shared between the components

MEASURING VOLTAGE (PARALLEL CIRCUIT)

Voltage is the same in all parts of the circuit