MEDTECH RANDOM RECALLS

VITROS(ortho clinical D)

ADVIA AND DIMENSIONS (SIEMENS)

ASTRA/ SYNCHRON (BECHMAN)

COULTER CHEMISTRY (COULTER ELECTRONICS)

ARCHITECT AND TDX (ABBOT)

EXAMPLE OF DISCREET ANALYZERS

400 - 700 nm

(VIOLET TO RED)

VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM

ACID DICHROMATE

CLEANING SOLUTION FOR GLASSWARE

BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE

ANTISEPTIC FOR ETHANOL TESTING

POCT

ANALYTICAL TESTING OUTSIDE THE LAB

4- 400 nm

SPECTRUM UV LIGHT

750-0.3 cm

SPECTRUM IR LIGHT

LINEAR PAPER

STRAIGHT LINE IN BEER LAMBERTS LAW CONCENTRATION VS. ADSORBANCE

SEMILOG PAPER

CONC. VS. TRANSMITTANCE

VIOLET

COLOR WITH HIGHEST ENERGY

RED

COLOR WITH LONGEST WAVELENGHT

BEER LAMBERTS LAW

A=2 - log% and A=ABC

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO CONC.

SAMPLE BLANK

(PX, SPX BLANK)

USE TO CORRECT INTERFERENCE FROM THE SAMPLE

MONOCHROMATOR

EX. DIFFRACTION GRATINGS, PRISM

PART OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER ISOLATES SPECIFIC WAVELENGTH INTEREST

PHOTODETECTOR

PARTS OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER CONVERSATION LIGHT TO E. ENERGY

PHOTO MULTIPLIER

MOST SENSITIVE PHOTODETECTOR

INCREASED ENERGY DECREASED WALENGHT

Excitation light

DECREASED ENERGY INCREASED WAVELENGHT

Fluorescent light

YELLOW

Na

VIOLET

K

RED

Li

QUENCHING

DISADVANTAGE OF FLUOROMETRY

DECREASED FLUORESCENCE

EFFECTS OF QUENCHING

LITHIUM AND CESIUM

Internal standard for fep

1:100 or 1:200

Dilution serum for Na/K in fep

FEP

COLOR/LIGHT EMITTED BY THE ANALYTE EASILY EXCITED BY THE FLAME

AAS

NOT EASILY EXCITED BY FLAME

MAGNESIUM CALCIUM

REFERENCE METHOD IN AAS

ATOMIZER

Purpose of flame in aas

Light source in aas

Hollow cathode lamp

BILIRUBIN CREATININE KINASE

[BCK]

Photosensitive analyte

Blood gas

Ammonia

[BaG]

Analyte Requires chilling in ice

Kodak ektachem automated dipstick readers

Reflectance photometry

SPREADER

SCAVENGER

REAGENT

INDICATOR

SUPPORT/BASAL

[SSRIS]

Dry slide technology

PAPER

POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL

AGAROSE

CELLULOSE ACETATE

STARCH GEL

[PPACS]

SUPPORT MEDIA FOR ELECTROPHORESIS

ANODE

Positive Pole /electrode

CATHODE

Negative pole/electrode

8.6

pH used in protein synthesis

Negative

Alkaline pH, proteins become

Isoelectric point

pH at which substance have zero net charge.

Clark

Electrode for Oxygen determination

Glass

Electrode for pH determination

Amperometry

Principle used Pog

(Peroxidase, oxygen, glucose determination

Potentiometry

Principle used pH, pC02

[PPP]

PRECISION

CLOSENESS OF VALUE TO THE REPEATED VALUE

95.5%

+_2 SD

99.7%

+_3SD

86.3%

+_1SD

Bell shaped curve

Gausian curve

Pooled serum

Control made up of

T-test

2 means

F-test

2 sd 2 variations

Random error

Error/variation in all instruments DUE TO CHANCE

Accuracy

Closeness of value to the target/true value

MISLABELING

PIPETTING

IMPROPER MIXING OF SAMPLE AND REAGENT

VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION

TEMP FLUCTUATION

Causes of random error

IMPROPER CALIBRATION

DETERIORATION OF REAGENTS

SAMPLE STABILITY

CHANGES IN STANDARD MATERIAL

INSTRUMENT DRIFT

Causes of systemic error

DETERIORATION OF REAGENTS

MAIN CAUSE OF TREND

IMPROPER CALIBRATION OF INSTRUMENT

Main cause of shift

LEVY JENNINGS CHART

Shewhart plot

(X ACIS) HORIZONTAL

DATE OR TIME

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Y-axis

VERTICAL

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

ANALYTE CONC

Outliers

Far from the main set of values

12s

Warning or screening rejection

12s 13s R4s

Westgard multirule for random error

[odd numbers]

42s 22s 10x

Westgard multirule for systematic error

[even number]

Delta check

Comparison between previous and current result

Interface portion

Transmittal of result from the data manager to LIS or HIS [hospital information system]

As soon as possible

ASAP

Immediately

STAT

17.1

BILIRUBIN

10

ALBUMIN

1

POTASSIUM

0.113

TAG

0.595

URIA ACID

10

IGA KASE NGA PROTEIN SIYA

0.555 or 0.55

GLUCOSE

12.9

THYROXINE

10

TOTAL PROTEIN

0.026

CHOLESTEROL

0.357

BUN

2.14

BUN TO UREA

Mmol/L

Glucose and chloride

Umol/l

Creatinine and bilirubin

kPa

Oxygen carbon dioxide SI UNIT

<40 mg/dl

>500 mg/dl

Panic value glucose

>18 mg/dl (newborn)

Panic value of bilirubin

(Na+K) - (Cl + HC03)

ANION GAP

NA+ (Cl+HC03)

pC02x 0.031 or 0.03

CARBONIC ACID

TT4x THBR

Free T4 index

0.85 per 100 ml

Gram of NAcl combined with 100 ml water to make nss

1 L

Amount of Na0cl needed to make disinfectant

Glucose

Nelson somoyogyi method

CHLORIDE

Schales schales

Clark collip

Calcium

Kober Method

Estrogen

Porter Silber rxn

Corticosteroid

Zimmerman mtd

17 ketosteroids

Insulin

Decreases blood glucose