Review Sheet - Proteins, Enzymes & Mutations

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to proteins, enzymes, mutations, and molecular biology.

Protein Synthesis

The process by which cells generate proteins based on genetic instructions.

Central Dogma of Biology

The framework describing the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Enzyme

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Meiosis

A specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes.

Mutation

A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA that can lead to alterations in proteins.

Substrate

The reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Active Site

The specific region of an enzyme where substrate binding occurs.

Gene Regulation

The process of turning genes on and off to control gene expression.

Natural Selection

The mechanism by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Traits

Characteristics or features of an organism that can be inherited from parents.

Gregor Mendel

The father of genetics known for his work on the inheritance of traits in pea plants.

Temperature Effect on Enzymes

High temperatures can denature enzymes, reducing their activity.

Chemical Reaction

A process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

Carbon Compounds

Organic compounds primarily composed of carbon atoms that are essential to life.

Investigation Plan

A structured outline for conducting scientific experiments, including controls and variables.