Chapter 16 - Therapy and Treatment

Exorcism

involving incantations and prayers said over the individual's body by a priest/religious figure

Trephining

Practice in which holes were drilled into the skull in an attempt to release evil spirits

Asylums

Facilities for treating the mentally ill in Europe during the Middle Ages and into the 19th century.

Philippe Pinel

French physician who worked to reform the treatment of people with mental disorder. Suggested to unchain patients.

Dorothea Dix

A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.

American Asylum treatments

- Cold baths

- Electroshock treatments/electroconvulsive therapy which can invoke seizures

- Usually filthy and the treatments were not based in science.

Antipsychotics

Drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders that help alleviate hallucinations and delusional thinking. introduced in 1954.

Mental Retardation Facilities & Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act

Provided federal funding/support for community mental health centers. Started the process of deinstitutionalization in 1975.

Deinstitutionalization

1960s and 1970s governmental policy that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals.

Mental health treatment today

- 25% of homeless individuals in U.S. shelters have severe mental illness

- Prisons have a high number of people living with mental illness

Psychiatric Hospitals

-Provide diagnostic and treatment services for patients who have mental illnesses

- Short term care

-Must have facilities to provide psychiatric, psychological, and social work services

-Must have a written agreement with a general hospital for the transfer of patients

-Most mental health services are delivered in private psychiatric facilities and outpatient treatment centers.

involuntary treatment

Therapy that is mandated by the courts or other systems

Sources of psychological treatment

Community mental health centers, private or community practitioners, school counselors, school psychologists or school social workers, group therapy.

Practical

Levels of care in US for mental health

- Inpatient

- RTC

- PHP

- IOP

- Outpatient <- Most freedom

Psychodynamic, play, behavior, cognitive,

Free association

Patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind.

Aversive conditioning

A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

Systematic desensitization

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Rogerian/Client-Centered Therapy

Developed by Carl Rogers

Emphasized the importance of the person taking control of his own life to overcome life's challenges

Confidentiality

A therapist cannot disclose confidential communications to any third party, unless mandated or permitted by law

Exceptions: planning a murder, case study(no identification),

Couples Therapy

Therapist helps people work on difficulties in their relationship - aims to help them resolve problems and implement strategies that will lead to a healthier and happier relationship. Uses cognitive behavioral therapy

Duration of treatment

At least 3 months is usually needed to achieve a positive outcome.

Thomas Story Kirkbride

Physician and advocate of the mentally ill. Designer and architect of asylums. Founded the association of medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane in 1844.