United Nations : Sustainable Development Goals No Poverty: Eradicate poverty in all its forms everywhere. Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Affordable and Clean Energy: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation. Reduced Inequalities: Reduce inequality within and among countries. Sustainable Cities and Communities: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable Responsible Consumption and Production: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Climate Action: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Life Below Water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development. Life on Land: Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. Partnerships for the Goals: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. UNESCO World Hentage -Tubattana Reef -Puerto Prinsesa Subterranean River -Hamigitan Heritage Park -Baroc , Churches Of the Philippines -Cordillera Terraces -Vigan City FILIPINO TRAITS ●KAN YA KANYA or TAYO TAYO - Crab mentality ●NINGCAS COGON - magaling lang sa una ●MANANA HABIT - mamaya na lang ●ETHNO CENTRIC - superior mentality ●XENOCENTRIC - inferior mentality ●EXTREME PERSONALISM - pinipersonal ●PORMA OVER SUBSTANCE - prioritizing appearance or structure over content or substance ●REMEDYO ATTITUDE - kahit sira na inaayos parin ●CHEERFUL- Taclobanon People Wave migration theory - Beyers Core population theory - F. Landa Jocano Tabon cave - Indigenous evolution - Taboon Man( Palawan ) - Robert Fox Pre - Spanish Period Social Class Maharlika - nobles , raja , datu Timawa - Free men Alipin - may bahay ( aliping namamahay - nakatira sa banay ng amo (aliping saquiquilid.) BARANGAY 30-100 Families RELIGION PAGANISM - Polytheistic ANISM - Gun , moon BABAYLAN - mediator BATHALA - Supreme being APO LAKI - Fertility & war IDYANALE - labor and goodness ECONOMY FIRST TRADERS *Traders From Champa Vietnam - Orang Dampuan *Traders From Indonesia - Banjarmasins *Traders during Ming Dynasty - Chinese Government DATU - low maker , Leader UMALOHOKAN - town crier *FIRST SCHOOL OF PRE - COLONIAL Filipinos Bothoan - primitive / survival essentialism. *FORM OF PUNISHMENT - TRIAL BY ORDEAL > WATER > FIRE > WOUND *CUSTOMARY LAWS - Orally transmitted *COMMUNITIES MUMMIFICATION - Cordilleras / Igorots PINTA DOS - tattooed people BAYBAYIN - first system of writing ALIBATA - second system of writing Meso - cuneiform Egyptians - hieroglyphics India - Indus Script *SANDUGUAN - Sealing Friendship - blood Compact - Legaspi and Sikatuna *BETHROTAL - engagement in pre his panic era *DOWRY - originated in India. TERMS TO REMEMBER *MAI - gold in mindoro *MAKHDUM - Arab missionary who brought Islam in the philippines. *SULU - First Sultanate *ABU BAKR - Founded the First Sultanate *External Criticism - EXTERNAL/FORM - INTERNAL / CONTENT *COMING OF WEST TREATY OF TORDE SILLAS - Portugal, East, West, Spain SOCIAL CLASSES DURING THE COLONIZATION *PENINSULARES - born in spain , *MESTIZO - dugong banyaga / Foreigner . *INSULARES - born in the philippines but spanish. *PRINCIPALIA - ilustrados educated - enlightened . *INDIO - natives SPANISH POLICIES *PUEBLO - town *TRIBUTO - buwis / tax *AYUNTAMIENTO - trade center *ALCADIA - pacified *CABECCERAS - town center *REDUCCION - resettlement *CORREGIMIENTOS - unpacified *INDULTO DE COMERCIO - privilege government in trade. *BAN DALA - Product tax *POLO Y SERVICIO - Force labor *POLO WORKER - polista *FALLA - exemption fee *FRAILOCRACY government led by friars Centralized. Spanish Expeditions Magellan's expedition: Set sail in 1519 to find spices in the Moluccas. Garcia Jofre Loaisa's expedition: Set sail in 1525 to settle the Philippines. Sebastian Cabot's expedition: Set sail in 1526 to settle the Philippines. Alvaro de Saavedra's expedition: Set sail in 1527 to settle the Philippines. Ruy López de Villalobos' expedition: Set sail in 1542 to settle the Philippines. *Magellan first to circumnavigate the earth but died in the Philippines during his voyage because of Lapu-lapu. first sandugoan member in the Philippines. archipelago of St. Lazarus Order of Missionaries Augustinians Franciscans Dominicans Recollects Benedicts Belief in God through "Faith" - Augustine Belief in God through "Reasons" - Thomas Royal Audencia - supreme court Cabessa de Barangay - tax collector MAGELLAN'S EXPEDITION-March 16 , 1521 Writer - Pigafietta Interpreter - Enrique Malaca Expeditions: Trinidad, San Antonio, Victoria, Santiago, Concepcion FIRST BLOOD COMPACT IN PHIL - MAGELLAN & COLAMBO. FIRST BLOOD COMPACT IN BOHOL - SIKATUNA & LEGASPI MARCH 31 , 1521 FIRST MASS IN LIMASAWA FR . VALDERAMA APRIL 7th , 1521 - Cebu( TO BAPTIZED BY JUMABON ) 14th - ( to plant the cross ) TO BAPTIZE JUMABON WIFE 21th - Battle of Mactan 27th - Magellan died

What was the Silk Road?

A vast network of trade routes established during the Han Dynasty of China, connecting the East to the West.

Why is the Silk Road named after silk?

Silk is the most valuable commodity traded along the route.

What types of goods were commonly traded on the Silk Road?

Spices, tea, porcelain, and precious metals.

What was one significant cultural impact of the Silk Road?

It promoted cultural, technological, and economic exchange between diverse civilizations.