Block 1 Pharmacology

Atropine Class

- Antimuscarinic

Atropine Indications

- bradycardia

- eye conditions

- poisoning by muscarinic agents

Atropine Mechanism

- blocks effects of acetylcholine at Muscarinic M1-M5 receptors of parasympathetic nervous system

Antimuscarinics Contraindications

- angle closure glaucoma

- intestinal atony

- GI obstruction

- Paralytic ileus

- Pyloric stenosis

Antimuscarinics Side Effects

- constipation

- abdominal distension

- dizziness

- nausea/vomiting

- palpitations

- tachycardia

- headache

Digoxin Class

- cardiac glycoside

Digoxin Indications

- atrial fibrillation

- heart failure

Digoxin Mechanism

- inhibits Na-K ATPase, increasing contractile force of left ventricle

Digoxin Contraindications

- constrictive pericarditis

- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

- myocarditis

- intermittent complete heart block

- 2nd degree AV Block

Digoxin Side Effects

- arrythmias

- nausea/diarrhea/vomiting

- cardiac conduction disorder

- dizziness

- vision disorders

Fluconazole Class

- triazole antifungal

Fluconazole Indications

- Candidal balanitis

- vaginal candidiasis

- cryptococcal meningitis

- tinea pedis (athlete's foot)

- oesophageal candidiasis

- candidiasis

Fluconazole Mechanism

- inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 preventing cell wall synthesis

Fluconazole Contraindications

- acute porphyria

Fluconazole Side Effects

- diarrhoea/vomiting/nausea

- GI discomfort

- headache

Paracetamol Class

- analgesic

Paracetamol Indications

- mild to moderate pain

- pyrexia

- acute migraine

Paracetamol Mechanism

- Inhibits CNS prostglandin synthesis

Paracetamol Side Effects

- anorectal erythema

Rivastigmine Class

- anticholinesterase

Rivastigmine Indications

- mild to moderate dementia

Rivastigmine Mechanism

Reversible, non competitive inhibitor of AChE

Anticholinesterase Contraindications

- intestinal obstruction

- urinary obstruction

Rivastigmine Side Effects

- anxiety

- decreased appetite

- arrythmias

- nausea/vomiting/diarrhoea

- GI discomfort

- hypertension

- UTI

- weight loss

Pyridostigmine Class

- anticholinesterase

Pyriodistigmine Indications

- Myasthenia Gravis

Pyriodistigmine Side Effects

- abdominal cramps

- diarrhoea/nausea/vomiting

- excessive tearing

- hypersalivation

Pyriodistigmine Mechanism

- reversibly, copetitively inhibits AChE at NMJ