J&J EP Lab Systems/Mapping Systems

3 examples of monitoring/recording systems

Claris (ABT), cardiolab (GE), bard

how monitoring systems work:

1. information fed from _________ through ________ to the _________

2. ______ are important

3. selecting a ________ ____

4. ______ EGM data for later retrieval

patient; cables; computer; filters; pacing site; storing

3 pacing system examples

EP Med, MicroPace, Bloom

how pacing systems work:

1. connected to _______ and/or _______ systems

2. connects _______ ________ to individual _______ ________

3. used to perform _____

mapping; monitoring; pacing parameters; catheter electrodes; EPS

4 X-ray systems

phillips, siemens, GE, toshiba

how X-ray systems work:

1. _______/______ (+/-) slam ______ into _______ steel (metal in the ______ and x-ray ______) to produce the x-ray waves

2. ________ eliminate ambient light around an image to improve display image quality

3. ________ limits size and shape of x-ray beam to reduce patient radiation exposure and improve image quality

4. ________ kVp and mAs

   1. kVp = controls the ________ _________ of x-ray beam or how ______ they are

   2. mAs = control of the ______ of x-rays

anode/cathode; electrons; tungsten; filaments; tubes; shutters; collimator; variable; penetration power; energetic; number

3 ultrasound systems

zonare, siemens, GE

how ultrasound systems work:

1. various _______/________ are attached to the system (_____, ______, or _______ _____)

2. various ________ connect to the system (_______ ____ and _______)

3. sound emitted at _____ m/sec, it _______ off structures and it ________ on its return

probes/transducers; linear, radial, phased array; catheters; phased array; coaxial; 1580; bounces; interpreted

3 mapping systems

ensite x, rhythmia/opal, carto

3 different technologies used in mapping systems

magnetic, current, impedance

magnetic mapping systems:

1. components - _______, ________ under the table, _____-based catheter

2. creates ____ like coordinate system for cath and initial ______ _______ to monitor changes throughout study

3. shows cath tip ________ and ________

patches; magnet; sensor; GPS; location reference; location and orientation

how magnetic mapping systems work:

1. location pad generates _________ ________ (which is strongest ______ each coil and ________ with distance from each coil)

2. the ______-based cath is inserted into heart and the ________ ______ (which is the _______ zone)

3. the _______ in the cath measures the ______ of the _______ _______ which determines the ________ from each coil (gives ___, ___, ___ coordinates)

4. also knows ________ using ____ (rotation of tip; ___ axis), ____ (degree of slope; ___ axis), and ____ (side to side orientation; ___ axis)

magnetic field; nearest; decreases; sensor; magnetic field; mapping sensor; strength; magnetic field; distance; X, Y, Z; orientation; roll; x; pitch; y; yaw; z

current mapping systems:

1. components - _______ and any cath with _______

2. the system generates small _______ and sends it to the ________ of all caths; each one emits a current at a unique ________

3. _______ collect this and measure the _______ at each to calculate a current _____

4. as the cath moves, the current ______ changes

patches; electrodes; current; electrodes; frequency; patches; strength; ratio; ratio

how current mapping systems work:

1. current goes to ______ that emit a unique _______ captured by _______ to calculate a current _______ that determines the ________

2. the ratio is the _______ of the current that all ___ patches are receiving; unique to a ________

3. when it moves, the ______ changes

electrodes; frequency; patched; ratio; location; average; 6; location; ratio

impedance mapping systems:

1. impedance = _______ to electrical ______

2. it is sensitive to ________/_______ changes in the patient, it is ___-______, and measurements change with each ______ inserted

3. when a _____ is between _______, it creates additional impedance; this change is _______ and allows the cath to be ________

resistance; current; biological/physical; non-linear; cath; cath; patches; measured; visualized

magnetic + current-based technology:

1. called ______ (___) technology

2. the doc moves _______-based cath around chamber and many _________ are stored by the system

3. the system _____ each local ______ _____ with its respective _______ location resulting in a calibrated, current-based field called the _________ _______

4. now, any ________ cath without a sensor can be accurately _________ within the ______

hybrid (ACL); sensor; locations; links; current ratio; magnetic; visualization matrix; diagnostic; visualized; matrix

how we use each system:

1. monitoring/recording systems are used by ___ staff to ____ what is done ______ a case

2. pacing systems are used in each case to _____ for ______ ______/do an ____

3. x-ray systems are used by some, but trying to shift towards __________ for patient/staff ________

4. ultrasound is used in almost _____ case, especially ___; can _____ and ______ important structures

5. mapping systems are used to ___ the _______ and to visualize the ___ image of the patient’s heart

lab; track; during; test; vein isolation; EPS; ultrasound; safety; every; AF; draw and locate; map; arrhythmia; 3D