APUSH : 3 (1754-1800)

Conflicting nations in French and Indian war

French+Native vs. British/colonists

French and Indian war causes

Part of 7 years war, territory disputes in Ohio River valley (French took our fort, we took it back), 1754

French and Indian war end

GB didn’t like how much it was costing = opened negotiations w/ France, Peace of Paris treaty signed 1763

french and indian war effects

colonists wanted MORE land = westward expansion inc. = more conflicts w/ natives, leads to proclamation line, war+colonies became more expensive for GB = higher taxes on colonists

proclamation line

western boundary past the appalachians colonists were not allowed to colonize past (colonists didnt follow this)

Peace of paris treaty means…

Spain gave FL to GB, France left north america + gave land west of mississippi to spain, ohio river valley given to GB

British forced impressment

british forced us men to join GB royal navy (this made US ppl not like GB)

Albany Congress

group of ppl from all colonies called by GB to discuss frontier defense, expansion, trade

Natives allied w/ Europe bc…

If the white ppl were focused on fighting eachother they might be able to keep some land and control

Albany Plan of Union

centralized govt would be formed to decide on matters like frontier defense, expansion, trade

Albany Plan of Union impact

ultimately denied, eventual foundation for congress

colonial resentful of GB bc…

higher taxes after war, forced impressment rates, quartering during war, proclamation line

salutary neglect

GB had political control over colonies + mainly let them govern themselves, both w/o colonial representation in parliament

navigation acts

restricted colonial trade to only GB (colonists didnt follow this,GB didnt inforce it)

genvilles (GB politician) plan to stop salutary neglect (regain control of the colonies)

1. stricter law enforcement

2. extend wartime provisions to peacetime

3. quartering act 1765

quartering act 1765

colonists must feed and house GB soldiers (stationed in colonies to aid in enforcing the laws)

sugar act

taxed luxury items ex. sugar, wine, coffee, etc

stamp act

1765, taxed paper items, effected lawyers who started the stamp act congress

stamp act congress

ppl petitioning GB to repeal stamp act

currency act

stopped colonies from printing money (GB demanded more money from colonies but restricted their money supply)

taxation w/o representation

colonies had taxes forced on them w/o any voice in parliament

enlightenment philosophy impact

idea of natural rights that were being violated by GB

virtual representation

GB ‘represented’ colonial class by representing all british ppls classes, colonists thought this was bs

early voices against GB

sons/daughters of liberty, from all different classes and jobs

GB repels stamp and sugar act in response to stamp act congress 1766

GB immediately made declamatory act = GB could pass any laws in the colonies they wanted

townshend acts

1767, taxed paper, tea, glass, (imported goods), all classes boycott these items

Boston massacre

colonists harass GB soldiers, soldiers fire on colonists, 11 shot = colonists furious @ GB

boston tea party

1773, high tea tax+only one GB compony allowed to ship tea, sons of liberty disguised as natives to dump tea from ships

coercive acts

1774, response to boston tea party, closed boston harbor until the value of the dumped tea was repaid

intolerable acts

1774, grouped quartering acts, coercive act, townshend acts, violated natural rights

continental congress

1774 delegates from every colony(except GA) decided the colonies needed to resist further liberty violations from GB (still didnt want revolution)

patriot casue

an opposition to GB rule, fostered by continental congress, not supported by all colonials

loyalists views

wanted to remain loyal to GB, didnt want independence or revolution

continental army

the colonists(patriots) army, poorly armed and trained, only wanted to fight in their region, mixed race ranks, lead by washington

continental army strategy

GB better trained, funded, educated, supplied, we win by dragging the war out until GB gets tired

battle of saratoga

1777, turning point in war, colonials won = proved to france us had a chance to win so they ally w/ us

battle of yorktown

1781, final battle of rev., GB forced to surrender

american revolution aftermath

paris peace treaty 1783 - war officially over, us an independent nation

articles of confederation

1781, governing document for the newly recognized nation us, 1st us constitution, influenced by state constitutions, power largely given to the ppl

NW ordinance of 1787

abolished slavery in NW territory, made a process for western territories to become states

shays rebellion

angry in debt farmers attempted a violent uprising (were stopped before anything happened), proved articles of confederation were weak and needed to be replaced

farmer problems post american rev.

farmers in debt while fighting in rev, couldnt pay off debt bc taxes & inflation v mad farmers

constitutional convention

1787, politicians going to fix weaknesses in articles of confederation… its a better plan to make an entirely new constitution, gave more power to federal govt(controversial)

great compromise

2 houses of govt, one represents states by population the other represents states equally,

3/5ths compromise

3/5 the slave population could be counted in a states population for political representation

federalist beliefs

wanted ratification of the new constitution meaning electoral college, etc. (Hamilton wrote essays on this)

anti-federalist beliefs

against ratification of constitution, too much power in central govt instead of states, no protection of liberty from govt

federalists vs. anti-federalists conclusion

federalist won (constitution is ratified) w/ the promise of adding the bill of rights post-ratification

bill of rights

protected individuals rights, protected ppl and states from the possibility of the federal govt overstepping

federalism

national govt & state govt sharing power

republican motherhood

to have educated sons mothers needed to raise educated sons = women had to be educated to educate their sons, women allowed to go to schools