AP LIT - Poetry Basics

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verbal irony

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60 Terms

1

verbal irony

what is said does not equal what is meant

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2

dramatic irony

audience knows something that the characters in the story do not know

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3

situational irony

the opposite of what is expected happens

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4

tone

author’s attitude towards their subject

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5

tercet

3 line stanza

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6

quatrain

4 line stanza

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7

cinquain

5 line stanza

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8

sestet

6 line stanza

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9

octave

8 line stanza

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10

alliteration

repetition of consonant sounds (usually at beginning of a word)

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11

assonance

repetition of vowel sounds (usually in the middle of a word)

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12

rhyme scheme

regular pattern of rhyme

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13

end rhyme

a rhyme that occurs at the end of a linei

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14

internal rhyme

rhymes that occur within a line

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15

meter

the pattern of stressed (accented) and unstressed (unaccented) syllables in a line of poetry

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16

to scan

to determine the meter of a poem

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17

foot

a unit of meter

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18

iamb

U /

most common in American English because it’s naturally iambic

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19

trochee

U /

slowest meter

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20

dactyl

/ U U

“classical foot” because the Greek and Romans used it

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21

anapest

U U /

fastest meter

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22

how to describe meter

type of foot + number of feet per line

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23

classical meter

dactylic hexameter

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24

nonameter

9 feet per line

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25

trimeter

3 feet per line

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26

tetrameter

4 feet per line

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27

pentameter

5 feet per line

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28

hexameter

6 feet per line

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29

heptameter

7 feet per line

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30

octameter

8 feet per line

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31

blank verse

unrhymed iambic pentameter

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32

free verse

no regular meter, no regular rhyme, no regular structure, no regular line length

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33

how to scan a poem

  1. count the syllables per line

  2. find the multisyllabic woords

  3. notate them

  4. fill in the blanks

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34

vocabulary in poetry

certain words are only acceptable in poetry and are used to help the author maintain meter

ex. never —> ne’er

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35

syntax in poetry

word order changed to maintain a regular meter

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36

inverted syntax

word order that breaks normal rules but matches meter

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37

compression

words are removed to maintain meter

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38

couplets

2 consecutive lines with same rhyme and meter

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39

heroic couplet

2 consecutive rhymed lines of iambic pentameter

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40

narrative poetry

poetry that tells a story

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41

epic

  • type of narrative poetry

  • heroes, elevated tone, gods/goddesses

  • long

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42

ballad

  • type of narrative poetry

  • meant to be sung

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43

dramatic poetry

plays/drama written in poetry

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44

dramatic monologue

poem where a character of a play gives an extended speech to another character

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45

lyric poetry

poetry that is songlike

  • short

  • descriptive

  • expresses emotions

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46

elegy

  • type of lyric poetry

  • mourns a death

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47

ode

  • type of lyric poetry

  • pays a tribute

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48

sonnet

  • type of lyric poem

  • expresses one sentiment/theme

  • most popular form of English poetry

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49

the Italian sonnet

  • also known as Petrarchan sonnet because Francis Petrarch was the best at it

  • begins in 1300s

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50

meter of Petrarchan sonnet

14 lines of iambic pentameter

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51

structure of Petrarchan sonnet

one octave — sets up problem/question

one sestet — resolves problem/question

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52

rhyme scheme of Petrarchan sonnet

ABBA ABBA CDE CDE

or

ABBA ABBA CD CD CD

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53

the English sonnet

  • also known as Shakespearean sonnet because William Shakespeare was the best at it

  • Renaissance-era

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54

meter of Shakespearean sonnet

14 lines of iambic pentameter

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55

structure of Shakespearean sonnet

first quatrain — expresses separate thought #1

second quatrain — expresses separate thought #2

third quatrain — expresses separate thought #3

concluding couplet — sums up or comments on previous thoughts

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56

rhyme scheme of Shakespearean sonnet

ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

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57

the Spenserian sonnet

  • invented by Edmund Spenser

  • slightly modifies the English sonnet

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58

meter of Spenserian sonnet

14 lines of iambic pentameter

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59

structure of Spenserian sonnet

same structure as English/Shakespearean sonnet

first quatrain — expresses separate thought #1

second quatrain — expresses separate thought #2

third quatrain — expresses separate thought #3

concluding couplet — sums up or comments on previous thoughts

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60

rhyme scheme of Spenserian sonnet

nearly the same as Shakespearean sonnet, but it has connecting rhymes

ABAB BCBC CDCD EE

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