Enlish Gammar Study

Parts of speech/Proper Grammar

Sentence

a group of words that expresses a complete thought, typically containing a subject and a predicate

Predicate

the part of a sentence that tells what the subject does or is; it contains the verb and any objects or modifiers

Verb

a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being in a sentence

Clause

a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate; it can be independent or dependent

Independant Clause

a group of words with a subject and predicate that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence

Dependant Clause

a group of words with a subject and predicate that does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence

Noun

a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea

individual noun

a single, specific person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., "cat," "tree," "book")

Collective Noun

a group of people, animals, or things considered as a single unit (e.g., "team," "flock," "family")

Zero Plural Noun

a noun that has the same form for both singular and plural (e.g., "sheep," "deer," "series")

Umlaut Plurals

plural forms of nouns created by changing a vowel sound in the singular form, (e.g., "man" → "men," "mouse" → "mice"

Double Plurals

when a word has two plural forms, often with one being irregular or less common (e.g., "brother" → "brothers" or "brethren")

Concrete Noun

a noun that refers to something physical or tangible, which can be perceived through the senses (e.g., "apple," "dog," "building")

Abstract Noun

a noun that refers to an idea, quality, or concept that cannot be physically touched or perceived with the senses (e.g., "happiness," "freedom," "love")

Substantive

a term used to refer to a noun or any word or phrase functioning as a noun in a sentence ex (running around the track)

Pronoun

a word that takes the place of a noun to avoid repetition (e.g., "he," "she," "it," "they")

Antecedant

noun or noun phrase that a pronoun refers to or replaces in a sentence

Demonstrative Pronouns

pronouns used to point to specific things, such as "this," "that," "these," and "those."

Adjective

a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun, providing more information about its qualities, quantity, or state (e.g., "blue," "happy," "three"

Definitive Articles

words that specify a particular noun and indicate that it is known or specific; in English, (e.g., “The,” “A,” “An”

Proper Adjectives

adjectives formed from proper nouns and are typically capitalized (e.g., "French" from "France," "Shakespearean" from "Shakespeare") (MUST BE CAPITALIZED)

Verb Phrases

group of words that consists of a main verb and its auxiliary (helping) verbs, modifiers, or complements (e.g., "is running," "has been completed")

Copula

a linking verb that connects the subject to more information about it, like "is," "was," or "seems" (e.g., "She is happy")

Auxillery Verb

a helping verb used with a main verb to show tense, mood, or voice (e.g., "is," "have," "will")

Main Verb

the primary verb in a sentence that shows the main action or state of being (e.g., "run," "think," "is")

Adverb

a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, often describing how, when, where, or to what extent something happens (e.g., "quickly," "yesterday," "very")

Preposition

a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word in the sentence, often indicating direction, location, time, or manner (e.g., "in," "on," "before," "with")

Conjunction

a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence (e.g., "and," "but," "because").

Coordinating Conjunctions

conjunctions that join words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal importance. The most common ones are FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so