anatomy semester exam

abduction

the motion away from the body

adduction

the motion towards the body

amphiarthrotic

little to no movement in joints

anatomy

branch of science that deals with structure of body parts

anibrachial

forearm

anterior

front side of the body

assimilation

changing absorbed material chemically so they can be used

caudal

located beneath or on the underside

cephalic

head

condyle

the smooth surface area of the end of a bone, forming part of a joint

coxal

hip/pelvic bone

cranial

bones that form the head

crural

lower leg (front)

cubital

back of elbow

deep

away from the surface, or further into the body

diarthrotic

full movement of a joint

distal

part of the body that is further away from the center of the body

dorsal

found on backside

dorsiflexion

backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot

external

situated or occurring on the outside

fontanels

a membrane-covered opening in bone or between bones

foramen

an opening or hole in bone

homeostasis

a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly

inferior

away from the head

internal

situated or occurring with or on the inside

lateral

to the side of the middle of the body

medial

toward the middle or center

mental

chin

negative feedback

prevents sudden, severe changes in the body
examples: body temp, blood pressure

optic

eye

organ system

a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function

otic

ear

physiology

function of body parts; what they do and how they do it

plantar flexion

top of your foot points away from your leg

popliteal

back of knee

positive feedback

increases the actions of the body
example: blood clotting

posterior

back; dorsal

proximal

a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body

respiration

the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe

superficial

on the surface; shallow

superior

toward the head end of the body

sural

calf

synarthrotic

no movement at all in the joint

ventral

bellyside

diaphragm

what separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity

visceral pleura

what membrane surrounds the lungs?

integumentary system

protection, regulates body temp, eliminates waste, vitamin D, sensations

skeletal system

support, protection, body movement, produces blood cells, stores minerals and fats

muscular system

body movement, posture, generates heat

nervous system

action potentials (nervous impulses), detects, interprets, and responds to changes in environment

endocrine system

regulates body activities

cardiovascular system

pumps blood, carries O2 and nutrients to cells and wastes away, regulates temp, acid base balance, and H2O

lymphatic system

transports dietary lipids, protection

respiratory system

exchange of gases, acid base balance, sound production

digestive system

breakdown of food, absorption of food, eliminates wastes

urinary system

eliminates waste, regulates blood composition and volume, acid base balance

reproductive system

produce gametes, hormone regulation of reproduction

ventral cavity

anterior (front) of the trunk

dorsal cavity

close to the spine in the posterior portion of the body

lungs

what does the pleural membrane cover?

integumentary system

what organ system is skin a part of?

endocrine system

what organ system is the hormones part of?

mucous

what membrane is found lining the digestive and respiratory tract?

stratified squamous

what type of epithelial tissue is found in areas of wear and tear

smooth muscle

what kind of muscle is in the GI tract?

skeletal muscle

what kind of muscle moves the bones?

serous

what membrane makes up the pleura and pericardium?

not well

how well does cardiac muscle regenerate?

ground substance and fibers

what makes up connective tissue's extracellular matrix?

collagen fibers
reticular fibers
elastin fibers

what are three main components of connective tissue?

squamous epithelium

what type of epithelium makes up the alveoli?

respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelium

where are goblet cells found?

elastic cartilage

what type of cartilage is found in the external ear?

collagen fibers

what connective tissue fiber gives great tensile strength?

exocrine glands

substances secrete to surface

endocrine glands

substances secrete into bloodstream

intercalated discs

holds the adjacent cells together by providing sites of strong adhesion

skeletal muscle

what type of muscle is multinucleated?

provide structure and strength to cartilage

what do chondroblasts do?

skull
vertebral column
ribcage

what is part of the axial skeleton?

bones of upper and lower limbs

what is part of the appendicular skeleton?

compact bone

found under the periosteum and in the diaphysis in a long bone

spongy bone

between two layers of compact bone in a long bone

red bone marrow

what makes red blood cells?

sesamoid bone

what kind of bone is the patella?

flat bone

what kind of bone is the frontal bone?

long bones

what type of bone would be the carpals?

ball and socket

what type of joint is the shoulder?

saddle

what type of joint is the thumb?

pivot

what type of joint is the atlas and axis?

hinge

what type of joint is the knee?

intramembranous bones

bone develops directly from sheets of connective tissue

endochondral bones

bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage

number of origins

what do the terms bicep, tricep, or quadriceps tell you about those muscles?

orbicularis oris

form and shape of the lips

controlling muscle contraction and relaxation

what is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?

smooth cells

what type of muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate?

largest motor neurons

which motor units are recruited later?

in sarcoplasmic reticulum

where is the calcium stored in skeletal muscles?

creatine phosphate

serves as an "energy buffer" in muscle