EMBRYOL LAB (Mitosis)

first exam

Mitosis

Division of somatic cells (segg cells do not undergo this)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

PMAT stands for

Prophase

chromosomes, genetic material condensed (phase)

Metaphase

chromosomes, aligned at equatorial region, middle (phase)

Anaphase

pulled apart at separate poles/ends (phase)

Telophase

forming back chromatin (phase)

Cytokinesis

cellular division forming 2 daughter cells

Clevage

cell does not grow big, rapidly divide,

Duplication of genetic material and ensures proper tissue formation

Why mitosis is crucial in embryology

G2 checkpoint

Checkpoint that double checks parts for mitosis and preparation for division

S phase

Checkpoint for synthesis, dna replication, needs to duplicate to produce daughter cells

Mitotic phase

10% of the cell cycle

Interphase (Pre-miotic stage)

Longest phase of the cell cycle, chromosomes are not visible, and the nucleolus is visible

Chromatic (mRna)

thin thread-like structures of DNA in interphase

tRna

Rna that transfers

rRna

Rna ribosomal

Histones

coil DNA

Chromosome - chromatin - histones - DNA

Progression of chromosome to DNA

Early development involves rapid synchronous mitosis

Early development involves _ _ _ synchronous mitosis

46 chromosomes

# of chromosomes in humans

Trisomy

_ _ _ has 47 chromosomes

45

_ _ _ has 45 chromosomes

47 chromosomes

Trisomy has _ _ _ chromosomes

45 chromosomes

Monosomy has _ _ _ chromosomes

developmental abnormalities

Errors in mitosis causes _ _ _?

G1 checkpoint

checkpoint ensures if ready for cell division

intact nucleus and diffuse chromatin

cells in interphase

chromatin

_ _ _ condenses forming visible chromosomes during prophase