lab 4 axial skeleton

What is surrounding bone

Extra cellular matrix mainly made of calcium salts and surrounding collagen fibers

What is the Haversian system in compact bone

Repeating osteons each have a concentric bone lamellae arranged around an osteonic canal

What is lacunae

Small spaces in bone contains osteocytes

What are osteocytes

Mature bone cell which maintains metabolism like exchange of nutrients and waste in blood. Dosent do cell division

What is concentric lamellae

Inside ostenoic canal circular plates of mineralized ECM surrounded by blood vessels and nerves

What is canaliculi

Network of minute canals containing process of osteocytes. Acts as route for nutrients to reach osteocytes and for waste to leave them

What is trabeculae

In spongy bone contains colum of bone trabeculae

which contain bone lamellae, osteocytes, bone lacunae, and

bone canaliculi. Spaces filled with red bone marrow

How do osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to maintain the skeletal

system?

Osteoprogenitor cell (develops into an osteoblast) Osteoblast

(functions in bone deposition, the buildup of bone extracellular matrix) Osteocyte (maintains bone tissue) Osteoclast

(functions in bone resorption, the breakdown of bone extracellular matrix

What is the function of the osteocytes cytoplasmic extensions

Calcification

Where is compact bone found

In diaphysis and epiphysis

Where is sponges bone found

Interior of bone, in hips, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, skull, proximal ends of femur and humerus (where red bone marrow is stored as well)

Where do the osteocytes of spongy bone obtain their nutrients and oxygen, since there is no

central (Haversian) canal?

Between bone trabeculae lined with endosteum and bone marrow

How is red and yellow bone marrow different

Red produced blood cells and yellow has adipose tissue

What is the epiphyses of long bone

Proximal and distal ends of bone

What is the metaphyses and epipyseal line of long bone

Region between epiphysis and diaphysis. In growning bone it has a layer of hyaline cartilage. When it stope growing its replaced by bone forming a epiphyseal line

What is the periosteum in long bone

Tough connective sheath associated with blood supply. Surrounds bone surface wherever it’s not covered by articular cartilage, protects and nourishes bone. Site of attachment for tendons and ligaments

What is the medullary cavity in long bone

Hollow space in diaphysis with yellow bone marrow and blood vessels. Makes bone lighter

What is the endosteum in long bone

This membrane lining medullary cavity and internal space of spongy bone. Has many osteoprogenitor cells

4 functions of skeletal system

Support, protection, assistance in movement and mineral homeostasis

What is the axial division of skeleton

Skull,vertebrae, sternum, lower ribs and hyoid bone

What is the appendicular skeleton

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girtdle, upper and lower limbs

What is a foramen/ foramina bone marking

Opening in which blood vessels nerves or ligament pass

What is fossa bone marking

Shallow depression

What is a meatus bone marking

Tubelike opening

What is a process bone marking

Projections/outgrowth on bones at joints or attachment points of connective tissue

What is a condyle bone process

Large round protuberance with smooth articulate surface at end of bone.

What is a crest bone process

Prominent ridge or elongated projection

What is a facet of bone

Smooth flat slightly concave/convex articulated surface

What is the head of the bone

Rounded articular projection of bone supported on neck of bone

What forms the facial bones

Orbit and sinuses

Which bone is the blue one and where is its marking and name

Frontal bone, supraorbital foramen just above eye cavity

Which is the orange bone by the eye

Ethmoid bone

Identify the ethmoid bone markings (anterior view)

1. Cribriform plate, 2. Crista galli, 3. Perpendicular plate

Identify the ethmoid bone markings

1. Crista galli, 2. Olfactory foramen, 3. Cribriform plate.

Which bone is the bog orange one and what are its marking s

Occipital bone. Yellow hole is the foramen magnum, blue is the occipital condyle

What bone is the green one and its marking

Sphenoid bone with the optic canal/foramen

Which bones are the pink ones

Parietal

Which bone is the purple one

Temporal bone

Label these temporal bone markings

1. Mandibular fossa, 2. Styloid process,3. External acoustic meatus 4. Mastoid process

Which bone is this and what is its marking

Mandible. Has a condylar process

What bone is this and its marking

Maxilla showing the infraorbital foramen

What is the name of tho marking on the maxilla bone

Palatine process

What is the red bone by the cheek

Zygomatic

What is the blue bone behind the mouth

Palatine bone

What is the smaller pink bone in the middle

Vomer

Which bone is this

Inferior nasal concha bone

What is this bone

Nasal bone

What is the little purple bone by the sides of the nose

Lacrimal bone

What is the line separating the blue forehead part and the pink back of the head part

Coronal suture

What is the line in the middle of the head

Sagittal suture

What is the line separating the orange and pink

Lambdoid suture

What is the line seperating pink and purple

Squamous suture

What is the fontanel( spot spot) seperating blue and pink

Anterior fontanel

What is the fontanel( spot spot) seperating pink and orange

Posterior fontanel

What is the fontanel( spot spot) in the junction toward back of head seperating pink, orange and purple

Posterolateral fontanel

What is the fontanel( soft spot) toward the front of the head in the junction of blue purple pink and green

Anterolateral fontanel

What bones make up the sinuses

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoidal and maxillary

What is the blue sinus

Frontal sinus

Which is the green sinus

Sphenoid sinus

Which is the pink sinus

Ethmoid sinus

What is the yellow sinus

Maxillary sinus

What bone is this and it’s parts

Hyoid bone. 1. Greater horn, 2. Lesser horn, and 3.body

Ossicles are the bones found in the ear name the three bones

Malleus (attached to incus),incus (tear drop shapes)and stapes (donut shaped)

What is in between vertebrae

Intervertebral discs made of fibrocartilage to causation and absorb shock

What is the vertebral foramen

Spaces in between adjacent vertebral body

What is 1

Spinous process

What is 2

Vertebral foramen

What is 3

Inferior articular facet

What is 4

Transverse process

What is 5

Centrum

What is 1

Superior articular facet

What is 2

Inferior articular facet

What is 3

Transverse process (side view)

What is 4

Superior articular process

What are the 5 regions of vertebral column

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx

Which is the blue one and which region

Atlas in cervical vertebrae

Which is red and which region

Axis in the cervical vertebrae

Which is green

Cervical vertebrae

Which vertebrae and its parts

Thoracic vertebrae 1. Superior demifacet, 2.inferior demifacet, 3. Facet for ribs

Which vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

What is this an ids parts

Sacrum. 1. Sacral canal 2. Sacral hiatus

What makes the thoracic cage

Sternum, ribs and costal cartilage

What 3 parts of sternum

Manubrium, body and xiphoid process