Apush ch. 14-15

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th amendment

gave African American men the right to vote

sharecropping

someone brings all the tools and farms on someone else's land, then they split what they got; could usually never get land of their own; could be seen as a glorified slavery

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Proposed by Lincoln; This announcement offered a full pardon to those individuals that took an oath of loyalty and accepted the abolition of slavery; if 10% of the population of a state signed the oath, that state can come back;

Wade-Davis Bill

if 50% of the population of a state signed the oath, that state can come back; anyone who fought in the war can never vote again; Lincoln defeats the bill with a pocket veto;

Johnsons Reconstruction Proclamation

all former leaders lose the right to vote and hold office; Gave a lot of presidential pardons;

Radical Republicans

faction within the republicans;

Black codes

loopholes around slavery; Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Tenure of Office Act

The president has to get the senate's approval to remove a federal official or a military commander;

(JUST READ) Andrew Johnson got impeached for firing someone in his cabin without the approval of the senate; he got impeached for a violation of the tenure of office act; he was one vote short of being removed;

Homestead Act of 1862

During Lincoln; as long as you paid for the application and promised to live on the land for 5 years, you get 50 acres of land for free; don't even need to be a citizen;

The panic of 1873

aka the long depression; Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver)

Greenback party

wanted the greenbacks to keep going; greenback is a currency not backed by anything

Election of 1876

R - Rutherford B. Hayes; D - Samuel Tilden; Rutherford B. Hayes had 165 votes and Samuel Tildon had 184; The required amount of votes is 185; there were 20 votes left if Tilden won one state he would win; 15-person commission, within the people there, are 7 Dem. and 7 Rep. and 1 Ind.; Democrats gave the independent person a new position so he goes to their side, but instead, he leaves and his replacement is a republican; Rutherford won; 82% voter turnout

Compromise of 1877

Democrats wanted another civil war, but to stop that, republicans agreed to end reconstruction

Amnesty Act of 1872

during grant; gave amnesty to all confederate soldiers

Fort Sumter

the federal fort in Charleston (South Carolina) Harbor was captured by the Confederates on April 14, 1861, after two days of shelling.

First Battle of Bull Run

Confederate Victory; First battle of the civil war

Battle of Fort Donaldson

First major victory for the union; Ulysses S Grant got nicknamed unconditional surrender;

Hampton Roads

First fight between ironclads

Battle of Antietam

bloodiest single day in american history; first confederate offensive; union found confederate plans around a cigar and win

Battle of Fredericksburg

One of the most lopsided battles in american history; union lost more than double of the confederates

Battle of Chancellorsville

Union had double the men of the confederates, but the confederates split up their army and flank the union and clapped them; Huge confederate victory, but stonewall Jackson gets killed by friendly fire

Ambrose Sideburns

a terrible leader that knew absolutely nothing about leading an army

Battle of Gettysburg

Second time the confederates tried to attack in the north; Union victory; Lincoln asked the leader to counterattack after their victory but he was too scared; turning point for the union

"Pickets Charge"

Confederates charged at the union and got mowed down; used during the battle of gettysburg

Battle of Vicksburg

Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union

Overland Campaign

Grant's attack plan to overwhelm Lee with numbers; many died due to this campaign; grant got called the butcher for this plan;

Battle of Atlanta

Civil War battle which led to the Union army's siege and capture of Atlanta and the final phase of the war; boosted union moral and got lincoln re-elected

March to The Sea

William Tecumseh Sherman goes from Atlanta to the coast of Georgia and destroyed everything in his path; The whole point was to show the public what war to turn the south moral around;

Appomattox Court House

Famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant; the terms was that the soldiers can go home without any punishment as long as they follow the law

Election of 1864

Republicans changed the name of their party to the national union party just for this election; Republicans have a bad wrap due to their hatred for slavery; Lincoln vs. Geroge B. McLellan; New Vice President

Andrew Johnson

anti-slavery because he believes the poor white people should get the jobs that slaves have;

Copperheads

peace democrats

Radical Democracy Party

Immediate abolition; Led by John C. Fremont; takes votes away from lincoln, but Fremont eventually drops out;

John Wilks Booth

killed lincoln

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederacy

Grant

the leader that led the union to victory

Thomas Jackson

aka stonewall jackson; general of the confederates

Robert E Lee

Main general for the confederates

Geroge B. McLellan

Lincoln opponent on the 1864 election

Winfield Scott

"Old Fuss and Feathers," whose conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War

William Seward

Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson; fell off his horse and broke his jaw

William Tecumseh Sherman

known for his march to the sea

carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

scalawags

A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners

election of 1868

Ulysses S. Grant wins the vote; republican

Ulysses S. Grant

Harsh on reconstruction; want to build back the south in the right way

William Boss Tweed

democrat of NY; started corruption

election of 1872

Grant wins again; he used the patriotism and pride from the civil war to win the votes

Liberal Republicans

Horace Greeley runs against Grant; The democrats join them; wanted to end reconstruction; Greeley dies a couple days before election

Anaconda Plan

Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south