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Energy is defined as
Multiple choice question.
anything that has mass and takes up space.
providing nutrition.
counting calories.
the ability to do work or move matter.
the ability to do work or move matter.
Select all of the following that are examples of potential energy.
Multiple select question.
muscles contracting
chemical energy stored in bonds
compressed spring
ball at the top of a hill
movement of atoms or molecules
chemical energy stored in bonds
compressed spring
ball at the top of a hill
Select all of the following that are examples of kinetic energy.
Multiple select question.
a stack of boxes
a chemical bond
an energy bar
the movement of molecules
light
a rolling cart
the movement of molecules
light
a rolling cart
One energy law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only
Multiple choice question.
become potential energy.
change forms.
decrease in entropy.
absorb heat.
change forms.
Photosynthesis converts the ______ energy in sunlight into the ______ energy in sugars.
Multiple choice question.
kinetic; potential
potential; kinetic
kinetic; kinetic
potential; potential
kinetic; potential
The ability to do work is called ______.
Multiple choice question.
energy
matter
mass
entropy
energy
According to the laws of thermodynamics, all energy transformations are inefficient because every reaction loses some energy to the surroundings as
Multiple choice question.
sound.
heat.
entropy.
light.
heat
The stored energy available to do work is called ______ energy.
Multiple choice question.
light
sound
potential
kinetic
potential
The production of new molecules and the breakdown of old molecules in the cell is called
Multiple choice question.
chemical equilibrium.
metabolism.
diffusion.
entropy.
metabolism
The energy being used to do work is called ________ energy and is the energy of motion.
kinetic
Match each reaction type with the relative energy content of reactants and products. Instructions
Drag and drop application.
Energy-requiring reaction
Energy-releasing reaction
Products contain more energy than reactants
Reactants contain more energy than products
True or false: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
True
Redox reactions occur simultaneously: for every molecule that is reduced (gains electrons), another molecule is ______ (loses electrons).
Multiple choice question.
oxidized
converted to light energy
reduced
phosphorylated
oxidized
Organisms transform energy from one form to another. Put the following forms of energy in the order that they are harvested and converted, starting at the top with a form of energy that is not in an organism.
Sunlight is captured
Sugars are synthesized in plants and some microbes
Sugars are broken down to liberate energy that powers cellular activities
Sunlight is captured
Sugars are synthesized in plants and some microbes
Sugars are broken down to liberate energy that powers cellular activities
What molecule temporarily stores energy in cells?
Multiple choice question.
cholesterol
DNA
RNA
ATP
ATP
All energy eventually becomes ______, which is disordered energy that results from the random movements of molecules.
Multiple choice question.
heat
ATP
light
a concentration gradient
heat
Select all of the components of an ATP molecule.
Multiple select question.
three amino acids
three phosphate groups
ribose
adenine
deoxyribose
three phosphate groups
ribose
adenine
_______ is the term that describes all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell, including the building of molecules and breaking down of molecules.
metabolism
Where is the most energy stored in an ATP molecule?
Multiple choice question.
double bonds in the adenine molecule
covalent bonds in the five-carbon sugar
charged OH- groups on the five-carbon sugar
covalent bonds between phosphate groups
covalent bonds between phosphate groups
Fill in the Blank Question
An example of an energy-requiring reaction is ________ , which uses energy from the sun to produce sugars; an example of an energy-releasing reaction is cellular _______ , which releases the energy in sugars.
photosynthesis; cellular respiration
In ATP hydrolysis, the ______ between the phosphate groups in ATP are broken, and energy is released.
Multiple choice question.
hydrogen bonds
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
electron shells
covalent bonds
In oxidation-reduction reactions, energized ______ are transferred from one reactant to another.
Multiple choice question.
protons
cells
electrons
neutrons
electrons
Adenosine diphosphate is also known as
Multiple choice question.
GTP.
ADP.
ATP.
AMP.
ADP
ATP stands for ______ triphosphate, which is a molecule that powers many cellular reactions.
Multiple choice question.
adenosine
aspartame
alkaline
alpha
adenosine
Select all types of molecules that cells use for long-term energy storage.
Multiple select question.
glycogen
ATP
fats
starch
proteins
glycogen
fats
starch
Like the subunits of DNA and RNA, ATP is a type of
Multiple choice question.
monosaccharide.
nucleotide.
fatty acid.
amino acid.
nucleotide.
An ATP molecule is unstable and primed to release energy because its ______ groups are negatively charged and repel each other.
Multiple choice question.
R
amino
carboxyl
phosphate
phosphate
Without ______, many reactions would occur too slowly for an organism to survive.
Multiple choice question.
turgor
cell junctions
enzymes
cholesterol
enzymes
ATP hydrolysis releases the endmost phosphate group from ATP, producing ADP, the free phosphate group, and
Multiple choice question.
water.
energy.
glucose.
carbon dioxide.
energy
The amount of energy required to start a reaction is called the _____ energy.
Multiple choice question.
entropy
feedback
completion
activation
activation
When the endmost phosphate group is removed from ATP, what molecule is produced?
Multiple choice question.
pDTP
cAMP
AMP
ADP
ADP
The process in which a reaction's products inhibit the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is called
Multiple choice question.
enzyme catalysis.
positive feedback.
negative feedback.
selective permeability.
negative feedback.
Fill in the Blank Question
The energy molecule ________ is not stored in large quantities in cells because its high-energy phosphate bonds are too unstable.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Membranes of organelles and cells only allow specific ions, atoms, and molecules to pass because membranes are
Multiple choice question.
impermeable.
unevenly calcified.
water soluble.
selectively permeable.
selectively permeable.
Select all of the components of an ATP molecule.
Multiple select question.
three phosphate groups
adenine
deoxyribose
ribose
three amino acids
three phosphate groups
adenine
ribose
A concentration ______ occurs when there are unequal amounts of a solute in neighboring regions.
Multiple choice question.
junction
stasis
matrix
gradient
gradient
True or false: Living organisms would not be able to survive without enzymes because reactions would proceed too slowly.
True
In passive transport, no _____ is spent to pass a substance across a membrane.
energy
How do enzymes speed up biochemical reactions?
Multiple choice question.
Raise the activation energy
Lower the activation energy
Lower the pH
Raise the pH
Lower the activation energy
In diffusion, a substance moves by ______.
Multiple choice question.
active transport to a region where the substance is more concentrated
passive transport to a region where the substance is less concentrated
passive transport to a region where the substance is more concentrated
active transport to a region where the substance is less concentrated
passive transport to a region where the substance is less concentrated
As a reaction's products accumulate, the reaction rate slows or stops due to negative _________ .
negative feedback
What type of membrane transport is shown in the picture and lacks a carrier molecule?
Multiple choice question.
Facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
Active transport
Exocytosis
Simple diffusion
The concentrations of solutes between the interior and the exterior of a cell or organelle may be chemically different because the ______ is selectively permeable.
Multiple choice question.
membrane
DNA
ATP
cytoplasm
membrane
Select all of the substances that can pass freely through the membrane by simple diffusion.
Multiple select question.
small, nonpolar molecules
oxygen
lipids
ions
glucose
carbon dioxide
polar molecules
small, nonpolar molecules
oxygen
lipids
carbon dioxide
If a solute is more concentrated in one location than another, it forms:
Multiple choice question.
an enzyme-substrate complex.
a membrane.
a concentration gradient.
activation energy.
a concentration gradient.
The diffusion of water across a membrane down its own concentration gradient and toward the region with a higher solute concentration is called
Multiple choice question.
endocytosis.
osmosis.
active transport.
hydrolysis.
osmosis.
What is the process whereby an ion, an atom, or a molecule crosses a membrane without using energy?
Multiple choice question.
active transport
passive transport
exocytosis
endocytosis
passive transport
If an equal amount of water enters and exits a human red blood cell, then the cell's interior is ______ to the cell's exterior.
Multiple choice question.
isotonic
hypotonic
ionic
hypertonic
isotonic
The spontaneous movement of a substance from an area where it is more concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated is called ______.
Multiple choice question.
active transport
endocytosis
ionization
diffusion
diffusion
If more water is exiting a human red blood cell than entering it, then the cell is in a(n) ______ solution.
Multiple choice question.
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
ionic
hypertonic
The movement of substances down their concentration gradient without the use of transport proteins is called ______.
Multiple choice question.
endocytosis
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
simple diffusion
If more water is entering a human red blood cell than exiting it, then the cell is surrounded by a(n) ______ solution.
Multiple choice question.
ionic
hypotonic
hypertonic
isotonic
hypotonic
Substances such as lipids and small nonpolar molecules move freely through the cell membrane without the need for transport proteins in a process called
Multiple choice question.
simple diffusion.
phagocytosis.
facilitated diffusion.
active transport.
simple diffusion.
______ pressure is the force of water against a plant cell wall and helps maintain the shape of plant cells.
Multiple choice question.
Turgor
Thermo
Wilt
Atmospheric
Turgor
The image shows the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, which is called ______.
Multiple choice question.
pinocytosis
hydrogen pump
active transport
osmosis
osmosis
Membrane proteins assist ions and polar molecules across membranes down their concentration gradient in
Multiple choice question.
active transport.
exocytosis.
facilitated diffusion.
simple diffusion.
facilitated diffusion.
In an isotonic solution, the solute concentration
Multiple choice question.
in one area is higher relative to that in a neighboring area.
is higher inside the cell and results in turgor pressure.
in one area is lower relative to that in a neighboring area.
is equal between two neighboring areas.
is equal between two neighboring areas.
If a solution has a higher solute concentration than a cell, then the solution is ______ compared to the cell.
Multiple choice question.
hypertonic
hypotonic
catatonic
isotonic
hypertonic
A substance is moved from an area where its concentration is low to an area where its concentration is high with the expenditure of energy in
Multiple choice question.
passive transport.
simple diffusion.
active transport.
facilitated diffusion.
active transport.
If a solution has a lower solute concentration than the interior of a cell, then the solution is ______ compared to the cell interior.
Multiple choice question.
hypertonic
isotonic
isosmotic
hypotonic
hypotonic
In a process called ______, a cell engulfs material and brings it into the cell in a vesicle pinched off the cell membrane.
Multiple choice question.
endocytosis
transpiration
osmosis
exocytosis
endocytosis
Plant cells are hypertonic compared to the surrounding soil. This helps to promote water movement into the cell, which generates
Multiple choice question.
turgor pressure.
lysis.
hydrolysis.
active transport.
turgor pressure.
During what process does a cell engulf small amounts of fluids or dissolved substances using vesicles and bring the substances into the cell?
Multiple choice question.
Exocytosis
Diffusion
Pinocytosis
Passive transport
Pinocytosis
Multiple Choice Question
What type of membrane transport is shown in the picture and requires a carrier molecule, but not ATP?
Multiple choice question.
Sodium-potassium pump
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
In a membrane transport process called ______, a cell transports large molecules to the cell membrane in vesicles and releases them to the outside of the cell.
Multiple choice question.
pinocytosis
endocytosis
exocytosis
oxidation
exocytosis
If an equal amount of water enters and exits a human red blood cell, then the cell's interior is ______ to the cell's exterior.
Multiple choice question.
hypertonic
isotonic
hypotonic
ionic
isotonic
What type of movement across membranes is shown in the picture and requires a transport protein and ATP?
Multiple choice question.
active transport
simple diffusion
phagocytosis
facilitated diffusion
active transport
What process is shown in the picture, reading it from the top panel to the bottom panel?
Multiple choice question.
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Turgor pressure
Facilitated diffusion
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis is a type of ______.
Multiple choice question.
exocytosis used by cells to release fluids from the inside of the cell to the exterior environment
endocytosis used by cells to engulf fluids and dissolved substances
exocytosis used by cells to release large particles from the inside of the cell to the exterior environment
endocytosis used by cells to bring large particles or other debris into the cell
endocytosis used by cells to engulf fluids and dissolved substances
Multiple Choice Question
What process is occurring in the picture, reading from panel 1 at the top to panel 3 at the bottom?
Multiple choice question.
Pinocytosis
Exocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Exocytosis
