Health and Social Care Unit 2

What is the diffrence bwteen a role and a repsponsbility?

Role = what your job is / your position
Example: A physiotherapist’s role is to help people improve movement and reduce pain.

Responsibility = what tasks you must do in that job
Example: A physiotherapist’s responsibilities include creating exercise plans, helping patients with mobility, and keeping records.

In short:
Role = the overall purpose of the job
Responsibility = the specific things you must do

What is a legislation and policy

Whats the diffrence healthcare and socialcare?

• Healthcare = medical needs.

• Social care = everyday support and wellbeing.

What are the roles, responsibilities of doctors (GPs)?

Doctors provide medical care for patients. They work mainly in surgeries and local communities.

Roles

• Provide primary medical care to patients.

• Diagnose, treat, monitor, and prevent illnesses

• Support patients to maintain and improve their health

Medical Responsibilities

• Diagnosing illnesses.

• Prescribing treatments to promote healing and recovery.

• Providing prescriptions and arranging preventive care (e.g., flu immunisations).

• Referring patients to specialists, therapists, and other health professionals.

Non-medical responsibilities

• Creating and maintaining relationships of trust with patients.

• Observing, listening, and responding when communicating with patients

• Maintaining confidentiality

• Acting in accordance with legislation

Specialist Doctors

Roles

• Provide expert medical care in a specific area (e.g., cardiology, oncology)

• Diagnose and manage complex medical conditions

• Support patient recovery through specialist treatment plans

Responsibilities

• Conducting specialist examinations and tests

• Prescribing specialist treatments and medications

• Performing medical procedures related to their speciality

• Referring or consulting with other healthcare professionals when needed

Non-medical responsibilities

• Creating and maintaining relationships of trust with patients.

• Observing, listening, and responding when communicating with patients

• Maintaining confidentiality

• Acting in accordance with legislation

Nurses

Roles

• Deliver day-to-day patient care and support

• Monitor patients’ health and well-being

• Promote comfort, dignity, and recovery

Responsibilities (Medical)

• Checking vital signs and monitoring patient conditions

• Administering medications and treatments

• Supporting patients with personal care needs

Keeping accurate patient records

Non-medical responsibilities

• Providing care and counselling

• Helping with recovery and rehabilitation

• Writing patient care plans

• Planning patient discharge from the hospital

• Acting as a patient advocate (ensuring their voice is heard, their rights are upheld, and their interests are represented)

Midwifes

Roles

• Support women during pregnancy, labour, and after birth

• Promote the health of mothers and babies

• Provide emotional and physical support to families

Responsibilities

• Monitoring the health of the mother and baby

• Assisting in childbirth

• Providing postnatal care and breastfeeding support

• Giving advice on baby care and maternal health

Non-medical responsibilities

• Preparing and reviewing patient care plans

• Arranging and/or providing parenting and health education

• Providing support and advice on the care of newborn babies

• Providing support and advice following miscarriage, termination or neonatal death (the death of a baby within the first 28 days of life)

• Liaising (acts as a link to assist communication between people or groups).with other agencies to ensure continuity of care.

Healthcare Assistants (HCAs)

Roles

• Support patients with daily living needs

• Assist nurses and doctors in patient care

• Promote comfort and well-being

Medical Responsibilities

• Reporting changes in patients’ conditions to nurses

• Monitor health by taking temperature, pulse and weight.

Non-medical responsibilities

• Washing and dressing patients

• Helping with patient mobility, transferring patients safely

• Supporting day-to-day routines

• Talking to patients

• Working under the direction of the nursing staff

• Supporting and delivering health education

• Making beds and maintaining a clean environment

Occupational therapists

Roles

• Help people to live as independently as possible

• Support patients to carry out everyday activities

• Improve quality of life through practical solutions

Medical Responsibilities

• Assessing patients’ ability to perform daily tasks

• Creating personalised therapy plans

• Teaching patients new ways to complete activities

• Recommending equipment or home adaptations

• Being aware of acute medical conditions and how to overcome them in contexts such as accident and emergency (A&E) and acute medicine.

Non-medical responsibilities

• Advising on specialist equipment to assist with daily activities

• Advising on home and workplace alterations, e.g wheelchair access.

• Assisting people to return to work

• Coaching people with learning difficulties, e.g handling money.

• Enabling rehabilitation

• Organisations and rehabilitation groups for carers and clients

What are the roles, responsbilites for a care manger?

Roles

• Oversee the running of care services.

• Ensure high standards of care are provided

• Lead and support care staff.

Responsibilities

• Creating and reviewing care plans

• Managing staff schedules and training

• Monitoring quality of care and inspections

• Ensuring policies and safeguarding procedures are followed

Key skills, qualities and tasks

• Creating and maintaining relationships of trust with residents

• Maintaining accurate resident records

• Observing, listening and responding to resident concerns

• Maintaining confidentiality

What are the roles, responsbilites for a Care assitiant?

What are the roles, responsbilites for a Social Worker?

Roles

• Support vulnerable individuals and families

• Safeguard children and adults at risk.

• Promote independence and well-being.

Responsibilities

• Assessing individual needs and risks

• Creating support and protection plans

• Referring individuals to services and support

• Keeping detailed and confidential records

Key skills, qualities and tasks

• Preparing and reviewing case files of clients

• Taking difficult decisions

• Working with a charity serving users of different ages

• Ensuring continuity of care

What are the roles, responsbilites for a Youth Worker?

Roles

• Support young people’s personal and social development

• Provide guidance and positive role modelling.

• Promote healthy choices and behaviours.

• Support the educational growth of individuals aged 11-25 to help them reach their full potential in society.

Responsibilities

• Organising activities and group sessions

• Offering advice on education, relationships, and wellbeing

• Supporting young people through challenges

• Working with schools, families, and agencies

Key skills, qualities and tasks

• Working across different sectors, including care and criminal justice and public and private, and voluntary sector organisations.

• Developing projects with schools and other organisations, such as debates about elections or capital punishment.

• Offering advice on topics such as sexual health using language which is accessible to young people.

What are the roles, responsbilites for a Support Worker?

Roles

• Provide practical and emotional support to individuals

• Help people live as independently as possible.

• Promote inclusion and participation.

Responsibilities

• Assisting with daily routines and personal care

• Supporting individuals in the community

• Recording progress and reporting changes in needs

• Encouraging independence and life skills.

Key skills, qualities and tasks

• People who provide social or personal care often work with people who have had healthcare or who continue to need it.

Healthcare setting - GP surgires and local health centres (Purpose)

Patients go here first when they need medical

• Doctors diagnose the patient's illness. They

patients to other services.

may issue a prescription for medication or refer

screening, or take blood tests.

• Nurses might carry out treatment or health

Healthcare setting - Clinics

Patients go here to be treated for specific

medical conditions.

• Patients are referred by their GPs to

specialist clinics based in hospitals and in

the community.

• Trained personnel, including doctors and

nurses, work in clinics,

Healthcare Setting - Hospitial

Patients go here for treatment that a GP

Cannot give. It is where operations are

carried out, and Accident and Emergency

(AtE) departments and some walk-in centres

are located

• Patients are refered by their GPs to

∙ specialist medical teams.

Specialist doctors (consultants) may issue

prescription for specialist medication or

refer patients to surgeons for operations,

Healthcare setting - Home

This is where care is provided for housebound

people or those who are recovering from medical

treatment such as an operation.

• Most people prefer to recover at home and some

who are dying prefer to be nursed at home.

◦ Care may be provided at home for births

• Patients are treated at home by community-based

nursing and midwifery staff.

•

Doctors carry out home visits when necessary.

Treatment pathway

Social cafe settings - Resdiential care settings

• These are settings where people who can't be cared for at

thelr own, are looked after.

home, or who feel that they can no longer cope with llving on

They may provide full-time or temporary respite care to give

break to carers, or those who struggle lving on their own.

• Social care workers provide residents with personal care,

such as washing, toileting and dressing.

Benefits for people in residential

Trained staff meet people's needs and Support

them.

Specialist support is available for those with

more complex care needs.

Companionship is provided by other residents

and staff.

A range of stimulating activities iS offered.

Difficulties for people in residential care

Social care workers have to support people to

overcome the difficulties of residential care:

losing some or all of their independence

reluctance to leave their own homes

isolation from friends and relations

cost of care.

Social care setting- Domiciliary Care

• Social care workers provide care for

people in their own home.

◦ Care workers help people lead their daily

lives by supporting their independence.

◦ Social care workers might help people with

shopping, cleaning and transport, such as

taking them to a doctor's appointment

◦ Social care workers can provide carers

with a short break from their duties.

Social care setting - Daycare centres

• These are used by older people

and those with physical and learning

disabilities.

• They provide respite care

• Social care workers might take part in

leisure activities with people attending:

How do workers support people with a physical disability at home?

Ensuring the person has access to all rooms within their home, ensuring facilities are within reach and not at floor level (e.g reaching electric sockets) and if necessary hoist (raising something) in the bedroom and bathroom.

How do workers support people with a physical disability in an Educational Setting?

• Ensuring service users can access classrooms and bathrooms, e.g installing minimum door requirements to accommodate wheelchair users.

• Disabled children have access to play and exercise facilities.

• The curriculum is adapted to meet their needs, e.g languages used in lessons should respect the dignity of people with disabilities.

How do workers support people with a physical disability in work?

• Providing awareness training for work colleagues

• Providing a support worker to help the person in the workplace.

• Providing extra time if necessary to complete work tasks.

How do workers support people with a physical disability in a leisure setting?

• Providing accessible changing facilities

• Providing sustainable signage (signs collectively, especially commercial or public display signs), e.g., braille for people with visual impairments.

• Access to adapted seating and spaces for elevated wheelchair viewing.

Why is following policies and procedures in work settings important?

They ensure the health and safety of service users and health and social care workers, they support the day-to-day routines of service users, enable the needs and preferences of service users to be met and promote independence among service users.

What is discrimnation?

This is when a person is treated unfailry because of who they are, or is treated unequally because of who they are, or experiences prejudice that has been put into practice.unfairly

What are the two types of discrimantion?

Direct discrimnation- treating someone worse, differently or less favourably because of their characteristics, e.g harassment, receiving abusive comments and victimisation, which is when someone is treated badly because they complained.

Indirect discrimination - when an organisation’s practices, polices, or rules have a worse effect on some people than others. An example is pregnancy and maternity discrimination if pregnant women or new mothers are treated unfairly or disadvantaged.discrimination

What are some examples of anti-discriminatory practice in health and social care?

• Acessbile signage

• Leaflets in many languages

• Access to buildings

• Longer appointments for people with earning disabilities

• Policies such as anti-bullying in schools.

What is positive action?

This is when people who have protected characteristics are at a disadvantage, have particular needs, are under-represented in a type of work or activity, and it is possible to do something voluntarily to help them.

All types of discrimination are illegal, although positive action is allowed in certain clearly defined circumstances.

Describe how the Equality Act 2010 protects people from discrimination?

Protects against discrimination from employers, health and care providers, schools/educational centres, transport services, public bodies such as government departments and local authorities. discrimination

What are the characteritcs which are protected by the Equality Act 2010?

• Gender and gender reassigment

• Age

• Sexutal orienatation

• Race

• Disability

• Marital or civil partnership status

• Religion and beliefs

• Pregnancy and maternity Sexual orientation

What are some anti-discriminatory practices for travellers?

• Enables access to GP services at new locations

• Ensure that hostile language is not used

What are some anti-discriminatory practices for transgender people?

• Use gender terminology which is acceptable to the service user

• Recognise any associated mental health issues

What are some anti-discriminatory practices for a person with a hearing impairment?

• Provide hearing loops in GP surgeries

• Use British Sign Language to communicate

What are some anti-discriminatory practices for asylum seekers?

• Provide translation services if needed

• Recognise cultural preferences

What are some anti-discriminatory practices for children with emotional behavioural difficulties?

• Provide peer mediation and mentoring in schools

• Provide nurture groups in primary schools as an example of early intervention strategy.

What are some anti-discriminatory practices for people with physical disabilities?

• Provide accessible rooms in clinics

• Support participation in sport and exercise in schools

Doctors should consult patient notes to check the patient’s preferred language and preferred methods of treatment

Nurses should ask whether the patient prefers a male or female nurse

Social workers should advice on actions the service user can take to address any discrimination they experience

Occupational therapists should help people to live independently by ensuring appropriate kitchen equipment for different cultures.

What is empowerment?

This means giving individuals information and support so they can make informed decisions and choices about their lives, in order to live as independently as possible.

How can health professionals empower service user?

• Giving individualised care

• Promo[ting users dingity

• Putting users at the heart of service provision

• Balancing the rights of individuals with those of other service users and staff

• Promoting independence

• Dealing with conflict in an appropriate way

What are rights?

Rights are entitlements that everyone should receive. People's rights are protected by the laws of the UK, such as the Human Rights Act 1998 and the Equality Act 2010.

How is the right of dignity upheld in practice?

Providing privacy for a patient who is using the bathroom in a hospital

How is the right of expressing needs and preferences upheld in practice?

Providing active support to enable the preferences and needs of the individual are met aligned with their beliefs, cultures and preferences.

How is the right of safety and security upheld in practice?

Can support the right by changing legislation (changing smoking in public places), dealing with conflict by applying clear polices and training, protecting from risk or harm by implementing procedures and training behaviour change, balancing individual rights with those of other service users and staff (providing clear training and polices)

What are some possible risks in care?

• Abuse by other service users and/or staff

• Indequate supervision of support staff, for example, when moving patients.

• Lack of illness prevention measures, such as clean toilets =.

• Infection due to lack of clean facilities and equipment

• Inadequate control of harmful substances

• Lack of properly maintained first-aid facilities Inadequate

How do u manage risks in care?

• Using risk assessments to identify possible sources of harm, assess the likelihood of them causing harm and minimise the chance of harm.

• Staff training to manage risks

• Clear codes of practice which are familiar to all staff, including safeguarding and control of harmful substances.

• Appropiralty qualfied staff

• Ensuring all staff have a DBS (Disclosure and Barring Service) clearance.

• Regular and evidence-based checks of facilities and provision of safe drinking water

• Availability of protective equipment and knowledge of infection control procedures.

• Knowledge of procedures for reporting and recording accidents, incidents and complaints

• Provision of maintained first-aid facilities.facilities

What are the stages or reporting incidents and accidents?

1. Detect an incident or an accident

2. Record incident or accident

3. Report the incident or accident to the relevant person

4. Classify an incident or accident according to type and severity.

5. Prioritise issues for appropriate actions

6. Propose preventive measures

7. Implement changes to working practices

8. Monitor the effectiveness of changes in preventing future incidents.

What are some barriers to incident reporting?

• The incident or accident is seen as not important at the time.

• The incident is too long or requires too much detail.

• Care staff have other, more pressing duties or procedures.

• It may be difficult to access the person who needs to receive the incident/accident report.

• There may be pressure from managers not to report incidents and accidents.

What are some problems with evidence?

• Inconsistent witness statements

• Lack of detail in statements

• Poor recall of events

• Written evidence that conflicts with other types of evidence, e.g CCTV or voice recording.

• Low standard of written English

What are the key points about complaint procedures?

• All care settings must have them in place

• All care settings must enable service users to access and use them

• They are checked when care providers are inspected

• They can lead to service improvements

What is the right to complain?

Serivce users have the right for complaints to have complaints dealt with within an appropriate time frame, to have complaints taken seriously, full and thorough investigations of concerns raised, and information about the outcomes of investigations into their complaints.

What is the Data Protection Act 1998?

The Data Protection Act 1998 controls how personal information is used by organisations, businesses or the government. Data must be:

• Used fairly and lawfully

• Used for limited, specifically stated purposes

• Used in a way that is adequate, relevant and not excessive

• Accruate

• Kept for no longer than is necessary

• Handled according to people’s data protection rights

• Kept safe and secure

It is strong legal protection for information about your:

• Ethnic background

• Political opinions

• Religious beliefs

• Health

• Sexual health and preferences

• Criminal record (if you have one)

What is some data that an employer in health and social care can keep about their employees?

• Name

• Address

• Date of Birth

• Gender

• Emergency contact details

• Details of any disability

• National Insurance number and tax code

• Employment history and work experience

• Education and qualifications

• Gender

Define what is meant by confidentiality?

Confidentiality in health and social care settings means restricting access to information about a service user to individuals who are involved in their care unless permission to disclose the information is given by the service user. NEED TO KNOW BASIS

Where is different data stored?

• Computers, tablets and mobile phones

• Social Media

• Written paper records

• Photographs

CCTV cameras in health and social care are used to protect those who are working in health and social are settings and people who use these services. Photographs and images collected by CCTV can only be used in particular circumstances, and for specific purposes; this is one way in which confidentiality is protected by cameras

What is a regulation?

A regulation is a law which sets the standard of professional conduct required of people who work in health and social care settings. Regulations are mandatory.

Why must workers be regulated and what are the consequences of workers who do not follow regulations?

Proffessional bodies must regulate services in their sector. "Regulating employees" means establishing and enforcing rules, policies, and procedures to guide worker behaviour, ensure compliance with laws, and meet organisational goals. Workers must follow codes, be familiar with and able to apply current codes of practise, ensure that check procedures are done before working, for example DBS check, following procedures for raising concerns.

Consequences - Workers can be disciplined by their employer or professional organisation, and this can result in them losing responsbilites, Professional status and suspension without pay.

What do safeguarding regulations do?

Safeguarding regulations protect service users from harm, abuse and neglect and promote their health and wellbeing. Safeguarding and prevention of harm takes place in the context of person-centred care and personalised care, with individuals empowered to make choices and supported to manage risks

Examples

• In the Hosptial making sure that all equipment is sterile.

• Ensure all staff have a DBS declaration

• Ensure effective procedures for reporting accidents and incidents.

What does the Local Safeguarding Children Board (LSCB) require that every local authority to have?

The Job of the LSCB is to :

• Make sure everyone understands how important it is to keep children safe.

• Make sure that all the agencies that are a part of the LSCB are doing the best job.

• Report to the Department of Health

• Look into cases where children are badly hurt or have died

• Keep a check on information about child deaths

• Advise agencies

• Listen to childrens veiws and ideas

• Hold discussions to find out what people think about children’s issues

What does the Care Act 2014 say about safeguarding adults?

The Care Act 2014 provided this duites for local authorities where they provide care for adults.

• Making enquiries where there is a safeguarding concern

• Hosting safeguarding adults boards (multi-agency partnerships in the UK, established under the Care Act 2014, to protect adults with care and support needs from abuse and neglect by coordinating local safeguarding efforts).

• Carrying out safeguarding adults reviews

• Arranging for provision of independent advocates

• Leading a multi - agency local adult safeguarding system

Why is partnership important within healthcare?

• Improves the lives of vulnerable adults and children

• Improves the efficiency of the care system as a whole systemas a whole because patients don’t have to give the same info to different health and social workers.

• helps the service user feel the way are being treated as a whole person (Hosltic care.

What are the difficulties of partnerships?

• Failure to communicate information between services, for example, between social workers and the police in cases where children are in danger.

• Lack of coordination of health and social care services so people do not receive the care they need or experience duplication.

• Cuts in funding that prevent effective partnership working, computers or not enough equipment, not enough employees.

What is a holistic approach?

A holistic approach takes account of people’s wider needs (physical, intellectual, emotional, social, cultural and spiritual) and seeks to meet these needs to promote health and wellbeing.

What are some examples of actions included in some holistic approaches?

• Most people only want their particular illness or symptom treated.

• Generally, doctors do not look for other issues during diagnosis

• Health and social care workers are not employed or skilled to manage all aspects of an individual’s needs.

Advocacy

Service users, their carers and other advocates should be involved in decision-making and planning support with service providers, working in partnership. Advocacy allows people to :

• Express their views and concerns, so that they are taken seriously.

• Access info and services

• Defend and promote their rights and responsibilities

• Explore choices and options

Why is monitoring care internally important and what are the internal monitor roles?

• Lead nurses or senior nurses are in charge of a group of wards and can deal with a problem if the ward staff are unable to do so.

• Doctors are medical consultants who oversee diagnosis, investigations and treatment.

• Matrons are in charge of a group of wards and take responsibility for ensuring excellent patient experience and safety.

What’s whistleblowing within healthcare and why is it done?

Whistleblowing can take place in both social care and health settings. In a health setting, for example, a staff member may raise concerns about patient care, such as when the health and safety are put at risk. These concerns are reported to the relevant staff in the hospital, such as a senior nurse, a docter or one of the hospital managers.

When they are not followed:

• Bad practice could continue, harming individuals

• There will be more complaints from service users about their representatives.

• Staff may leave or perform less well

• The service provider may receive more negative reports.

Whistleblowers are protected by law and should not be treated unfairly or lose their jobs.