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What calendar system did many indigenous people use?
A flexible calendar based on the occurrence of natural events.
What was the key difference in the concept of land use between Europeans and Aboriginal groups?
Europeans established a system of land ownership while Aboriginal groups had arrangements to share land.
What ecological method did Aboriginal people use to drive larger animals?
Setting fire to the grass to change the vegetation community.
What is ecology?
The study of how living organisms interact with each other and their abiotic environment.
Who first used the term 'ecology'?
Botanist Ernst Haeckel in 1866.
What does human ecology study?
The roles humans have over ecosystems and their knowledge and practices with nature and agriculture.
What is the significance of 'survival of the fittest'?
A term coined by Herbert Spencer, often associated with Darwin's theories, relating to natural selection.
What did Carl Sauer emphasize in his studies?
Human-land relationships and the impact of land use and overuse on environments.
What is meant by 'cultural continuity'?
Transmission of beliefs and behaviors derived from historical experience through generations.
How do societies adapt to changes over time?
By developing new ways of organizing information that fit the changing values and beliefs of the society.
What distinguishes traditional societies from modern societies?
Traditional societies are based on practical common sense, rooted in spiritual health, and respect cultural obligations.
What is a key idea of human survival in cultural geography?
Survival is based on available resources and society's regulations guiding how people live.
What does adjustment mean in the context of adaptation?
Making changes to behavior to reduce conflict with the environment.
What role does culture play in knowledge organization?
Culture organizes beliefs, values, and attitudes into a coherent system that guides behavior and thought.
What concept relates to the dynamic balance within ecological systems?
Systems analysis that allows for identifying key elements and interrelationships.
What are the consequences of one group's actions on the environment?
The actions of an individual or group may not be beneficial for the environment as a whole.
How do individuals and communities interact with knowledge and culture?
They decide based on information that is shaped by values and goals within cultural constraints.
What does the term 'withdraw' refer to in terms of environmental adaptation?
Migration from an environment that no longer supports the individual or group.
