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Immigration

The movement of people into a country or region, from another country or region.

Emmigration

the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad.

Birth rate

The number of births per 1,000 individuals per year.

Death rate

The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year.

Doubling Time

The number of years it takes a population to double.

Total fertility rate

An estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years.

Replacement level fertility

the average number of children a woman must have for a population to replace itself from one generation to the next, without migration

Developed country

has a strong economy, advanced technology, and high standards of living, including access to quality healthcare and education

Developing country

a nation with a lower standard of living, limited industrialization, and lower income per capita that is working to strengthen its economic, social, and political structures

Life expectancy

The average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate in that country.

Infant mortality

The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births.

Net migration rate

The difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country.

Age structure diagram

A visual representation of the number of individuals within specific age groups for a country, typically expressed for males and females.

Growth rate

measures how much a variable changes over time, often expressed as a percentage

Zero population growth

occurs when a population's birth rate equals its death rate, leading to a stable, unchanging population size

Rule of 70

estimates how long it will take for an investment or a quantity to double, given a fixed annual growth rate

Theory of Demographic Transition

a country's population changes over time as it develops from an agrarian to an industrial society, moving through distinct stages characterized by shifts in birth and death rates

Affluence

The state of having plentiful wealth including the possession of money, goods, or property.

Family planning

The practice of regulating the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control.

Gross domestic product

A measure of the value of all products and services produced in 1 year in one country

IPAT equation

An equation used to estimate the impact of the human lifestyle on the environment: impact = population x affluence x technology

Urban area

An area that contains more than 385 people per square kilometer (1,000 people per square mile).