2.3-2.7 bud

Explicit Memory

Uses conscious awareness. Processed by your hippocampus. Episodic. semantic, and prospective memories 

Implicit Memory

No conscious awareness. Processed by your cerebellum. Procedural memories, classically conditioned responses.

Episodic Memory

Personal life experiences. Examples: First day of class, family vacation, exciting/embarrassing moments.

Semantic Memory

Factual/trivia-like. Examples: Things you learning in school.The name of your favorite books.

Prospective Memory

Future memories. Examples: Winter break begins December 19th. The AP exam is Tuesday, May 12. You’re meeting your friend for dinner tomorrow

Procedural Memory

Implicit memory. “How to” memories. How to button your pants, tie your shoes, write letters, drive a car, walk

Classically Conditioned Responses

Implicit memory. Excitement when you hear your favorite song, nervous when you have to talk to your boss.

Sensory Memory

Extremely brief memory of visual (iconic) or auditory (echoic) input. Highly accurate, but highly fragile.

Selective Attention

Brain’s ability to focus on relevant information while filtering out other information. Example: Cocktail Party Effect.

Iconic Memory

A split second perfect photo of a visual scene. Lasts only a brief moment (less than a second)

Echoic Memory

Other experiments demonstrate equally perfect split second memory for sounds. Say “what” when you think you don’t hear someone, able to respond before they repeat themselves

Short Term Memory

Your active/conscious thinking. Lasts as long as you attend to what is in your mind. Do nothing with it and it will fade in 10-30 sec.

Magical 7 ± 2

George Miller. You can only hold to 5 to 9 items in your STM without special tools/practice.

Long Term Memory

Permanent storage. Unlimited capacity. Once information reaches LTM we’ll may remember it for the rest of our life. Memory may fade or decay

Long-Term Potentiation

The increased firing of neurons as you learn something new. The newer a task, the more the neurons are making connections, the more rehearsed the task, the more your brain is just using the existing connections.

Deep Encoding

Connection/Example. You develop connections and relate to something already in your mind

Shallow Encoding

Superficial memory. You hear the words, but do little with it

Structural

Shallow. What the world looks like.

Phonemic

Shallow. Way the word sounds.S

Semantic

Deep. Meaning and use of the word.

Encoding

Process of getting memories stored from STM to LTM.

Method of Loci

Memory enhanced by visualization of a space

Mnemonic Devices

Word or phrase where each letter prompts memory

Chunking

Break material into smaller parts

Rehearsal

Repeating something over and over

Elaborative Rehearsal

Making connections by connecting to existing knowledge.

Hierarchies

Organizing words/ideas in increasingly specific ways

Categories

Organizing words/ideas into groups

Distributed Practice

Practicing in smaller amounts of time more frequently

Spacing Effect

What makes distributed practice work.

Massed Practice

Practicing a lot in a short period of time.

Memory Consolidation

Stabilizing new memories into LTM.

Serial Positioning Effect

The order in which information is presented will influence your ability to remember it.

Primacy Effect

We remember things at the beginning of a list/time better than other.

Recency Effect

We remember things at the end of a list/time better than other.