Biology Quiz Flashcard Pt 2

Which of the following describes the relationship between sister chromatids and DNA replication CORRECTLY?

All of the Above

Which of the following options accurately defines the term “allele”?

Allele refers to an alternative form of a gene that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes 

In the DNA double helix, neighboring nucleotides are _______ bonded, but base pairs are ________ bonded. 

Covalently, hydrogen 

What is the end of a chromosome called?

a telomere 

The enzyme _______ breaks apart hydrogen bonds during replication. 

Helicase

Which enzyme makes the new copy of DNA?

DNA polymerse 

Each replicated DNA molecule contains:

One old strand and one new strand

Which of the following options accurately defines the terms haploid and diploid? 

Haploid refers to a cell or organism with half the number of chromosomes compared to diploid cells or organisms.

Haploid Cells ________.

Have half the information of diploid cells

Aneuploidy includes all of the following except:

The correct # of Chromosomes

Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in:

Metaphase I

If a diploid cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs ofhomologous chromosomes), the gametes will have: 

23 chromosomes 

Meiosis I ends with _______ while Meiosis II ends with _______

Two haploid cells, Four haploid cells 

Nondisjunctions can occue during

meiosis I and meiosis II

In sexual reproduction, how many gametes does each parent contribute?

One haploid gamete

Sister chromotids are seperated during:

Anaphase (of Mitosis) and Anaphase II

Pairs of homologous chromosomes lineup at the metaphase plate in:

Metaphase 1

Haploid cells_____

Have half the information of diploid cells

If a diploid cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs of homologous chromosomes) the gametes will have:

23 chromosomes

Sister chromatids are separated during

Anaphase of mitosis and anaphase two

In sexual reproduction, how many gametes does each parent contribute?

One haploid gamete

Meiosis one ends with ________ while meiosis two ends with _________.

Two haploid cells, four haploid cells

Aneuploidy includes all of the following…

Monosomy, an error in chromosome number and trisomy

Nondisjunction can occur during…

Meiosis 1, meiosis two and mitosis

Children inherit one allele for a gene from each of their parents because:

Each Gamete contains one allele, so the zygote has two alleles after fertilization

Dark hair is dominant over light hair. If two heterozygous dark-haired people have a child what is the probability that their child will also have dark hair?

75%

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

Pink flowers

When two heterozygotes are crossed, what percentage of the offspring are also heterozygotes?

50%

a heterozygous genotype means

One recessive allele and one dominant allele

The term autosome refers to…

All chromosomes except for sex chromosomes

How many alleles do you have for each one of your genes?

Two

Red green color blindness is a recessive sex linked trait, located on the X chromosome. What is the probability that a colorblind man will pass down his color blindness to his son?

0%

Which of the following describes translation?

Ribosomes read mRNA to create a polypeptide

Transcription produces…

A single strand of RNA

During translation, how does the triplet code determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

The triplet codes specifies the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Which mRNA region would not be translated and paired with an amino acid?

The ribosomal binding sight and the triplet following the stop codon

Which DNA region eventually codes for an amino acid sequence and is red during the elongation phase?

Transcribed region

A silent mutation could cause which of the following changes to a sequence of mRNA codons?

GGC2GGA

Which of the following accurately describes the different types of mutations?

Point mutations result in the change of a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence

What amino acid sequence would be translated from the following mRNA sequence: CUU – AUG – UUA – UAU – UAC – UGU – UGA – CGC?

MET – LEU – TYR – TYR – CYS

What is the net production of ATP molecules during glycolysis?

2ATP

Glycolysis breaks down ______ and produces ______?

Glucose, pyruvate, ATP and NADH

Which of the following statements accurately describes glycolysis?

Glycolysis involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate

Which of the following are true of reduced forms of a molecule?

They have more electrons than oxidized forms, they have more potential energy than oxidized forms and are often the one with an H on the end

When a compound is oxidized it….

Loses an electron

which of the following is the final carbon containing molecule of glycolysis?

pyruvate

Which electron carrier is involved in glycolysis to shuttle high energy electrons for subsequent ATP production?

NADH

in aerobic respiration, ________ is created by the breakdown of pyruvate

Acetyl CoA

Does the citric acid cycle produce more reduced electron carriers or more molecules of ATP?

reduced electron carriers

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

In the mitochondrial matrix

The citric acid cycle breaks down________ and produces _______?

Acetyl CoA; CO2, NADH, FADH2 and ATP

After glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle, what has been produced by breaking down one molecule of glucose? A.k.a., what are the net products thus far?

6CO2, 10 NADH, 2FADH2, four ATP

Which of the following are true about fermentation?

Fermentation produces energy in the absence of oxygen and oxidizes NADH plus NAD + so glycolysis can continue

Which of the following statements, accurately describes pyruvate oxidation?

It is only an aerobic process

What is the net production of ATP molecules during the citric acid cycle per one glucose molecule?

2 ATP

Is any CO2 created by oxidative phosphorylation?

No

Where do protons (hydrogen ions) go during ATP synthesis?

Into the mitochondrial matrix

What happens to NADH while the electron transport chain is running?

An NADH is oxidized to NAD+

Where do protons (Hydrogen Ions) become highly concentrated while the electron transport chain is running?

The mitochondrial intermembrane space

The electron transport chain is located:

In the inner mitochondrial membrane

The following statements about ATP synthesis are…

It is a transmembrane protein, it is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and it is an enzyme

the term oxidative phosphorylation refers to, which of the following?

the electron transport chain, and ATP synthesis

Which step of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?

oxidative phosphorylation