NASM-CPT (7th Edition) Chapter 12

Static Posture

The positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is motionless.

Dynamic Posture

Alignment of the body while in motion.

Optimal Movement

Moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury.

Movement Impairments

Abnormal movement patterns that can indicate possible muscle imbalances or mobility limitation.

Movement Assessment

An assessment of a client's movement patterns and postural alignment during movement or activity; also known as a dynamic postural assessment.

Muscle Imbalance

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.

Mobility

Optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely.

Performance Assessment

Assessments used to measure overall strength, muscular endurance, power, and agility.

Pes Planus

Collapsed arch of the foot; also known as flat feet.

Overactive Muscle

When elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction.

Underactive Muscle

When a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited neuromuscular recruitment, with a chronic state of elongation.

Static Postural Assessment

An assessment that provides insight to deviations from optimal alignment of the body in a standing posture.

Anterior

On the front of the body.

Posterior

On the back of the body.

Kinetic Chain Checkpoints

The five areas of the body that are monitored during movement assessments and exercise: foot/ankle, knees, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulders, and head.

Anterior Pelvic Tilt

An excessive forward rotation of the pelvis that results in greater lumbar lordosis.

Knee Valgus

Knees collapse inward (knock knees) due to hip adduction and internal rotation; also known as medial knee displacement and genu valgum.

Knee Varus

Knees bow outward (bowlegged); also known as genu varum.

Pes Planus Distortion Syndrome

Postural syndrome characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips.

Lower Crossed Syndrome

Postural syndrome characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine.

Lordodic/ Lordosis

The normal curvature of the cervical and lumbar spine regions, creating a concave portion of the spine.

Upper Crossed Syndrome

Postural syndrome characterized by a forward head and protracted shoulders.

Overhead Squat Assessment (OHSA)

A movement assessment designed to assess dynamic posture, core stability, and neuromuscular control of the whole body during a squatting motion.

Single Leg Squat Assessment

A movement assessment that assesses dynamic posture, lower-extremity strength, balance, and overall coordination in a single-limb stance.

Pushing Assessment

An assessment that challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pushing movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances.

Pulling Assessment

An assessment that challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pulling movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances.

Push Up Test

A performance assessment that measures muscular endurance of the upper extremities during a pushing movement.

Bench Press Strength Assessment

A performance assessment designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the bench press exercise.

Squat Strength Assessment

A performance assessment designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the squat exercise.

Vertical Jump Assessment

A performance assessment designed to test maximal jump height and lower extremity power.

Long Jump Assessment

A performance assessment designed to test maximal jump distance and lower extremity power.

Lower Extremity Functional Test (LEFT)

A performance assessment designed to test lateral speed and agility.

40 Yard Dash Assessment

A performance assessment designed to test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal speed.

Pro Shuttle (5-10-5) Assessment

A performance assessment designed to test lateral acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control.

Prone

Lying facedown.

Supine

Lying faceup.