ISTM 210 Test #1

ISTM 210

Technology

Any \____ decision a business makes is a business decision.

Critical Thinking

Weighing the options and making the best choice.

Information Technology (IT)

The study, design, development, implementation, support, and management of computer-based information systems, particularly software and hardware.

End-Users

People that use computers.

Best Practice

A management process, technique, or method that is most effective at arriving at a desired outcome or better outcome than any other process, technique or method.

Moore's Law (1965)

States that computer processing power will double every 18 months or so. (Includes internet size)

Business Computer Hardware

Tangible or physical aspect of a computer like circuit boards, chipsets, and keyboards.

Mainframe Computers

Massive, room-sized computers that process and store enormous amounts of bulk data and information. (Used by Very Large Corporations)

Midrange Computers

Less powerful and smaller in physical size than mainframes, but do many of the same things, simply on a smaller scale. (Used by Small to Medium-Sized Businesses)

Microcomputers

Less powerful than mainframes and midrange computers; Come in the form of: a desktop, tablet, and handheld.

Software

A collection of computer programs that accomplish a specific task.

Operating System (OS)

Software that manages the resources of a computer, like memory and application software. (AKA "Platform")

Most Common: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux (free), Unix

File Allocation Table (FAT)

Directs the read/write arm of the hard drive to where data exists and accesses it upon the user's request.

Data and Information

The most important characteristic of a productivity suite is its capability to share \____ and \____ between business application software.

Static

Type of embedding that is cutting and pasting.

Dynamic

Linking something on a document, spreadsheet, etc. is referred to as what type of embedding/linking?

Competency

Knowing how to do something.

Paul Reuter

Person who shared information using homing pigeons. (Notes: Redundancy, 5 Pigeons)

Reuters

A highly-respected business news agency.

Leader

A person who buys the newest technology and maybe gets an edge.

Follower

A person who waits to see what works and loses the edge.

Application Software

Performs particular tasks users need, like creating a budget for accounting or supply chain, creating a resume, or making a professional presentation for a business proposal. Common Types: Email, Word Processor, Spreadsheet, Database, Presentation Software, Project Management Suite

Productivity Suite

A collection of productivity apps such as Microsoft Office 365, Apple iWork, G Suite, or Apache OpenOffice..

Attitude

The most important aspect of learning application software.

Handheld Computers

Often referred to as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), are compact but far less powerful than desktops or laptops. They contain embedded operating systems and are well suited for a business environment as they are typically used to organize information.

File Management

A way to store and organize files to the memory of a computer.

Multitasking

Running more than one computer program or application at a time.

Process

Any task a computer performs.

Memory Management

The act of keeping track of how and where programs are loaded in main memory. (Uses RAM and Virtual memory)

Disk Management.

A role of the operating system that helps keep storage devices well organized and maintained. Is a non-volatile, secondary storage on a physical device like a hard drive or optical disk with a read/write apparatus.

Doesn't

The difference between application software and system software is that system software \____ require human intervention.

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)

Allows a user to select an entire area from one application and a part of another.

Word Processing Software

Type of software where you can create memos, legal documents, or any other document application.

Spreadsheet Software

Type of software where you can model financial information and perform "what-if" analyses.

Database Software

Type of software that can provide transaction data for a multitude of customers.

Presentation Software

Type of software that allows business to visually communicate and collaborate in strategic and tactical meetings.

Specific-Use Application Software

Type of software where people can view items via the internet on a browser. Computers communicate with each other through network software.

Browser Software

Type of software that includes example such as: Google Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, etc.

Network

A group of two or more computer systems linked together.

Acrobat Reader

Freeware; Allows you to view, print, highlight, and sign pdf files.

Portable Document Format

What does PDF stand for?

Adobe Acrobat

Costs money; PDF signatures, etc.

Tables

Stores the data in a databse.

Queries

Asks questions about the data, and pulls things out of data in a database.

System Unit

The main body of a computer containing the Motherboard. Also has power supplies, cooling fans, disk drives, primary memory, secondary memory, expansion cards, and much more, which are plugged into the Motherboard. Microprocessor chip speed and storage space are the main concerns.

The Box

Referred to as a Case or Chasis; Encloses the main components of the computer and come in a variety of shapes and size configurations, as determined by the size and shape of the Motherboard.

Motherboard

The primary "circuit board" that is a complex array of electronics that connect and help different components of the computer communicate with one another.

Circuit Board

AKA "Printed Circuit Board" (PCB); A logical and economical way to replace loose wiring by applying copper wires directly to a sheet of non-conductive plastic.

Microprocessor Chip

Serves as the brains for the microcomputer; Connected to the Motherboard.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Interprets program instructions and processes data by performing arithmetic and logical operations; Is what allows a microcomputer to be programmed.

Bus Lines

The pathways that transfer data and power between components inside of a computer and sometimes between computers themselves. The wider the "roads", the more data and power can flow through.

Bits

1's and 0's in binary code; 8 bits \= 1 byte

1 Byte

8 Bits \= ?

1 Kilobyte

1,024 Bytes \= ?

1 Megabyte

1,024 Kilobytes \= ?

1 Gigabyte

1,024 Megabytes \= ?

1 Terabyte

1,024 Gigabytes \= ?

1 Petabyte

1,024 Terabytes \= ?

Primary Storage

Volatile; Inventory (memory) that is processed before being put away.

Secondary Storage

Non-Volatile; Inventory (memory) that is stored after processing.

Random Access Memory (RAM).

A type of primary storage that allows stored data to be accessed in any (random) order without physical movement of the storage media. (Volatile: Contents will be lost if not saved to a non-volatile device)

Expansion Card

Specialized circuit board plugged into a motherboard's expansion slot to add more networking and connectivity capabilities.

Input

Data and information entering a computer and is translated for processing.

Output

Data and information exiting a computer and translated for human comprehension.

Dynamic Random Access Memory

DRAM stands for what?

Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory

SDRAM stands for what?

Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM

DDR RAM stands for what?

RDRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory

Direct RAM is what?

Read-only Memory (ROM)

Chips that are preprogrammed, require no user intervention, and serve to perform specialized internal tasks like starting the computer.

Input Device

A computer hardware apparatus that translates data and information that a person understands into the machine language that a central processing unit (CPU) can understand and process. Ex: Keyboard, Mouse, Mechanical Mouse, Optical Mouse, Touchpad, Stylus, Microphone, Digital Cameras, Image Scanners, Webcams, Barcode Readers, RFID

Output Device

A computer hardware apparatus that translates machine code that a computer can process into forms a human can understand. Ex: Monitor, Printer, Laser Printer, Ink-jet Printer, Plotters

Bill Gates and Paul Allen

Who leased an IBM PC called "Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS)" in 1980

CPU Cache

Small, very quick memory because it stores copies of information and data from the most regularly used parts of main memory. (Decreases time to access memory)

Registers

Extremely fast, small memory locations used to quicken the implementation of computer programs by providing access to commonly used calculated values.

Virtual Memory

Technique of breaking files requested from a secondary memory, like a hard drive, into a smaller, more manageable file that can fit into RAM.

Disk Storage

A non-volatile, secondary storage device that is recorded to a physical device, like a hard drive or optical disk with a read/write apparatus.

Defragmentation

A program that recognizes the hard disk. Clutter is removed, allowing the disk to perform more efficiently. (Think of it as organizing a pile of laundry)

FIle Manager

A computer program that employs a graphical user interface (GUI) to display and work with computer files.

Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

A set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another.

Device Drivers

Computer programs that allow peripheral hardware devices like printers or scanners to interface and work properly with a computer system. (Ex: USB)

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A presentation on a computer monitor that allows the user to interact with the computer and the devices connected to it. (Ex: Clicking on Excel App)

Embedded Operating Systems

Highly modified, stripped down versions of larger operating systems made for devices like the iPhone and appliances.

Mac OS

What operating system is the best for graphics?

Microsoft

What operating system is the best for business operations?

Open Source Software

Software source code which is open to anyone who cares to access and/or modify it for their own use. (Ex: Linux)

Machine

A 2-state device that is either on or off.

0

A code is even if the right-most bit is \____

1

A code is odd if the right-most bit is \____

Gordon Moore

Who is the founder of Intel?

Proprietary

A system that someone pays for, and is not changeable.

Non-Proprietary

A system that is free for anyone to use, and is changeable.

Computer Storage

The variety of ways a computer system can store (save) data and information.

Tangible Property

Desks, computers, tractors, and other physical items. (Can be stored on computer as digital record of items also)

Intellectual Property

The legal claim that a business has to names, inventions, and ideas.

Binary

Something made of two parts. (1 and 0; Positive and Negative)

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

A coding scheme to represent characters internally.

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)

A coding scheme used for mainframes.

Unicode

Supports international languages; Allows for 16 bits per characters.

Read/Write Head

An electromagnet that reads or writes the magnetic charges that make up the bits and bytes.

Track

A concentric circular band around the disk that is divided into pie-shaped wedges called sectors.