The American Yawp: Chapter 2 - Colliding Cultures

What was the name of the most powerful Native American group in sixteenth-century Florida?

Apalachee

What was the first permanent European settlement in the current American Southwest?

Santa Fe

The writings of which Spanish missionary most directly led to the development of the Black Legend?

Bartolome de las Casas

The Northwest Passage allegedly promised a water-route to...

Asia

The expansion of the Iroquois pushed many Algonquian-speaking Indians into the "middle ground," located in what region?

Great Lakes

Which of the following European countries offered the most religious liberty?

Netherlands

Which of the following best describes the economic activity of the Dutch in New Netherlands?

Trade with Indians

The Dutch used what kind of labor to construct New Amsterdam?

Enslaved Africans

England's so-called "Golden Age," that included the works of Shakespeare, occurred under the reign of which monarch?

Elizabeth I

In the late sixteenth century, England went to war with which nation?

Spain

Jamestown was established in a disastrous location. What proved to be the worst aspect of the location?

Brackish tidal water

What proved to be the salvation of Jamestown?

Tobacco

The Headright Policy promised which of the following?

50 acres for anyone paying the passage of an English immigrant to Virginia

When did slavery first emerge in Virginia?

The Dutch sold 20 Africans to Virginia colonists

Justification from African slavery partly derived from interpretations of a biblical curse placed on Noah. This curse was known as...?

Curse of Ham

Franciscans

peoples who converted new world people to christianity, and took care of the poor.

Black Legend

Concept that Spanish conquerors merely tortured and murdered Indians, stole gold and infected them with smallpox, leaving nothing of benefit

Northwest Passage

A water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific through northern Canada and along the northern coast of Alaska. Sought by navigators since the 16th century to find route to Asia.

Samuel de Champlain

French explorer in Nova Scotia who established Port Royal (destroyed) then a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635)

Jesuits

Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.

Métis

People of mixed Native American and French Canadian descent

Middle ground

cross-cultural space that allowed for Native American and European interaction, negotiation, and accomadation

New Netherland

A colony founded by the Dutch in the New World. It became New York.

wampum

Belts or strings of polished seashells that were used for trading gift-giving by Iroquois & other Native Americans

Iroquois

A group of tribes speaking related languages living in the eastern Great Lakes region.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.

Richard Hakluyt

English promoter of exploration. In 1584 he wrote A Discourse of Western Planting in which he pleaded for colonies to accomplish diverse objects: to extend the reformed religion, to expand trade, to supply England's needs from her own dominions, and various other reasons for exploration.

joint-stock companies

businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses

piracy

stealing goods from ships

Spanish Armada

The great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588; defeated by the terrible winds and fire ships.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia in 1607

Powhatan Confederacy

Alliance of Native American tribes living in the region of the initial Virginia settlement. Powhatan, leader of this alliance, tried to live in peace with the English settlers when they arrived in 1607.

tobacco

Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown

Curse of Ham

Because Ham was the father of black people, and because he and his descendants were cursed to be slaves because of his sin against Noah, some Christians said, "Africans and their descendants are destined to be servants, and should accept their status as slaves in fulfillment of biblical prophecy."

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay, believed God predestined souls.