PHARMACOLOGY STUDY SET

ANTI-COAGULANTS

GENERIC: Heparin Sodium TRADE: Hep-Lock

USES: to prolong clotting time of blood; to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism.

ACTION: inhibits thrombosis by inactivating factor X and inhibiting conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

COAGULANTS

GENERIC: Microfibrillar (collagen hemostat)

TRADE: Avitene

USES: topical application to control intra operative bleeding.

ACTION: attracts platelets to bleeding surfaces which adheres to the fibrils.

COAGULANTS

GENERIC: Absorbable gelatin sponge

TRADE: Gelfoam

USES: topical application to control intra operative bleeding.

ACTION: a pliable gelatin sponge that absorbs fluid, expands, exerts pressure on adjacent structures.

COAGULANTS

GENERIC: Protamine Sulfate TRADE: Protamine

USES: Antagonist to Heparin ( 1 mg of protamine per 100 units of heparin)

ACTION: anticoagulant and causes an increase in clotting time.

COAGULANTS

GENERIC: Oxidized

regenerated cellulose

TRADE: Surgicel

USES: topical application to control intra-operative bleeding.

ACTION: absorbable white knitted fabric that when saturated with blood swells into a dark gelatinous mass which aids in the formation of clots.

COAGULANTS

GENERIC: Thrombin TRADE:Thrombostat

USES: Topical hemostatic agent.

ACTION: Induces clotting on bleeding surfaces when conventional methods of hemostasis is contraindicated such as friable and delicate tissue.

OXYTOCICS

GENERIC: Oxytocin

TRADE: Pitocin

USES: Induce and maintain labor to

prevent and control hemorrhage postpartum.

ACTION: stimulates contractions of uterine smooth muscles.

OXYTOCICS

GENERIC: Methylergonovine TRADE: Methergine

USES: To prevent post partum bleeding.

ACTION: stimulates contractions of uterine smooth muscle.

OXYTOCICS

GENERIC: Carboprost

Tromethamine

TRADE: Hemabate

USES: Refractory postpartum bleeding; reduce blood loss secondary to uterine muscle tone.

NSAID

GENERIC: Ketorolac

Tromethamine

TRADE: Toradol

USES: Short term pain management ;reduces inflammation.

ACTION: used for their anti-inflammatory properties.

STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

GENERIC: Betamethasone

sodium phosphate

TRADE: Celestone

USES: Reduce edema; prevent swelling; treat shock; As a treatment of many inflammatory diseases and conditions.

ACTION: used for their anti-inflammatory properties; Commonly used in surgery to reduce tissue inflammation and post-operative swelling; particularly useful in CV, Ophthalmic, and plastic surgery.

STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

GENERIC: Dexamethasone

TRADE: Decadron, Dexamethasone, Hexadrol

USES: Reduce edema; prevent swelling; treat shock; As a treatment of many inflammatory diseases and conditions.

ACTION: used for their anti inflammatory properties. Commonly used in surgery to reduce tissue inflammation and post-operative swelling; particularly useful in CV, Ophthalmic, and plastic surgery.

STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

GENERIC: Hydrocortisone

sodium succinate

TRADE: Solu-Cortef

USES: Reduce edema; prevent swelling; treat shock; As a treatment of many inflammatory diseases and conditions.

ACTION: used for their anti-inflammatory properties Commonly used in surgery to reduce tissue inflammation and post-operative swelling; particularly useful in CV, Ophthalmic, and plastic surgery.

STEROIDAL ANTI- INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

GENERIC: Methylprednislone acetate

TRADE: Depomedrol

USES: Reduce edema; prevent swelling; treat shock; As a treatment of many inflammatory diseases and conditions ACTION: Long acting corticosteroid. Commonly used in surgery to reduce tissue inflammation and postoperative swelling; particularly useful in CV, Ophthalmic, and plastic surgery.

STEROIDAL ANTI- INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

GENERIC: Methylprednisolone

sodium succinate

TRADE: Solu-Medrol

USES: Reduce edema; prevent swelling; treat shock; As a treatment of many inflammatory diseases and conditions

ACTION: used for their anti-inflammatory properties Commonly used in surgery

to reduce tissue inflammation and post-operative swelling; particularly useful in CV,

Ophthalmic, and plastic surgery

STEROIDAL ANTI- INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

GENERIC: Triamcinolone

acetonide

TRADE: Kenalog

USES: Reduce edema; prevent swelling; treat shock; As a treatment of many inflammatory diseases and conditions.

ACTION: used for their anti-inflammatory properties Commonly used in surgery to reduce tissue inflammation and post-operative swelling; particularly useful in CV, Ophthalmic, and plastic surgery

ANTIHISTAMINE / ANTI-EMETIC

GENERIC: Diphenhydramine

Hydrochloride

TRADE: Benadryl, Diphen

USES: prevent reactions to blood or plasma in susceptible patients;also used in anaphylaxis as

adjunct to epinephrine; as a sedative hypnotic

ANTIHISTAMINE / ANTI-EMETIC

GENERIC: Promethazine

Hydrochloride

TRADE: Phenergan

USES: prophlaxis and treatment of nausea and vomiting

HISTAMINE H2 BLOCKING AGENT

GENERIC: Cimetidine

TRADE: Tagamet

USES: gastric agent; antisecretory

DIURETIC

GENERIC: Mannitol

TRADE: Osimitrol

USES: promote diuresis in prevention and treatment of oliguric phase of acute renal failure following cardiovascular surgery, severe

traumatic injury, surgery in presence of jaundice

BENZODIAZEPINES

GENERIC: Diazepam

TRADE: Valium

USES: provide sedation or muscle

relaxation , and or alleviate anxiety before surgery; to treat seizures

ACTION:

CNS depressant, Long acting benzodiazepines with sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant properties

BENZODIAZEPINES

GENERIC: Midazolam

TRADE: Versed

USES: to provide sedation or muscle

relaxation, and or alleviate anxiety before surgery; to impair memory

ACTION: CNS depressant; intermediate

acting benzodiazepine with

sedative , hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties, Also has anterograde amnestic effects

BENZODIAZEPINES

GENERIC: Lorazepam

TRADE: Ativan

USES: to provide sedation or muscle

relaxation , and or alleviate anxiety before surgery; to treat seizures

ACTION: Same as midazolam, except

with no anterograde amnestic effects

BENZODIAZEPINES

GENERIC: Droperidol

TRADE: Inapsine

USES: tranquilizing effect and reduce

nausea and vomiting

ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTI-INFECTIVE

GENERIC: Kanamycin

TRADE: Kantrex

USES: Orally to reduce ammonia producing bacteria in intestinal tract- for preoperative bowel antisepsis

ACTION: bacteriostatic; inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTI-INFECTIVE

GENERIC: Clindamycin

TRADE: Cleocin

USES: to treat infections caused by susceptible aerobic and anaerobic gram positive organisms

ACTION: bacteriostatic; inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTI-INFECTIVE

GENERIC: Gentamycin

TRADE: Garamycin

USES: to treat respiratory; genitourinary, gastrointestinal, ophthalmic, and blood infections caused by gram negative orgranisms

ACTION: bacteriocidal; inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTI-INFECTIVE

GENERIC: Vancomycin

TRADE: Vancomycin

USES: to treat respiratory, genitourinary, bone, skin/soft tissue, and blood infections caused by gram positive organisms

ACTION: bacteriocidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTI-INFECTIVE

GENERIC: Levofloxacin

TRADE: Levaquin

USES: to treat respiratory, genitourinary, bone, skin/soft tissue, and blood infections caused by gram positive organisms

ACTION: inhibits bacterial DNA replication and transcription (bactericidal)

ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTI-INFECTIVE

GENERIC: Metronidazole

TRADE: Flagyl

USES: to treat infections caused by anaerobic organisms

ACTION: bacteriocidal; inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

GENERIC:

TRADE:

USES:

ACTION:

ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTI-INFECTIVE

GENERIC: Cephapirin Sodium

TRADE: Cefadyl

USES: Perioperative Prophylaxis in patients undergoing procedures associated with high risk of infection

ACTION: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

ANTIEMETIC

GENERIC: Ondansetron

Hydrochloride

TRADE: Zofran

USES: treat postoperative nausea

ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTI-INFECTIVE

GENERIC: Cefazolin

TRADE: Kefzol, Ancef

USES: Perioperative Prophylaxis in patients undergoing procedures associated with high risk of infection EX: open heart

ACTION: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

ANALGESICS/INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENTS/ NARCOTIC

GENERIC: Fentanyl

TRADE: Sublimaze

USES: As a preoperative medication; as an adjunct therapy during local, regional, and general anesthesia

ACTION: Narcotic analgesic that

increases pain.

Threshold and alters pain perception.

Rapid onset and short duration.

ANALGESICS/INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENTS/ NARCOTIC

GENERIC: Innovar

TRADE: Combination of

Fentanyl and Droperidol

USES: Intense analgesic and amesic state resulting from the combination. Analgesia,

amnesia, and sedation produced

ACTION: Narcotic analgesic that

increases pain.

Threshold and alters pain perception.

Rapid onset and short duration.

ANALGESICS/INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENTS/ NARCOTIC

GENERIC: Meperidine Hydrochloride

TRADE: Demerol

USES: Relief of moderate to severe

pain; support of anesthesia

ACTION: Same as fentanyl, but slightly longer onset (5-15 min) and longer duration 3hrs

ANALGESICS/INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENTS/ NARCOTIC

GENERIC: Morphine Sulfate

TRADE: Morphine

USES: As a preoperative medication; as an adjunct therapy during local, regional, and general anesthesia

ACTION: Hypersensitivity to opiates, increased

intra-cranial pressure, convulsive disorders, severe respiratory depression

ANALGESICS/INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENTS/ NARCOTIC

GENERIC: Alfenta

TRADE: Sufenta

USES: As a preoperative medication; as an adjunct therapy during local, regional, and general anesthesia

ACTION: Narcotic agonist analgesic with rapid onset and short duration

ANALGESICS/INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENTS/ NARCOTIC

GENERIC: Ketamine Hydrochloride

TRADE: Ketalar

USES: Sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures of short duration that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation. To induce anesthesia before administration of general anesthetic.

ANALGESICS/INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENTS/ NARCOTIC

GENERIC: Propofol

TRADE: Diprivan

USES: Maintain systemic anesthesia.

ANALGESICS/INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENTS/ NARCOTIC

GENERIC: Thiopental Sodium

TRADE: Pentothal

USES: To induce hypnosis and anesthesia prior to or as supplement to other anesthetic agents or as a sole agent for brief procedures.

NARCOTIC ANTAGONIST

GENERIC: Naloxone Hydrochloride

TRADE: Narcan

USES: Treat narcotic over dosage and

complete or partial reversal of narcotic depression including respiratory depression.

INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT

GENERIC: Enflurane

TRADE: Ethrane

USES: Produce systemic anesthesia; more rapid in onset than halothane

INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT

GENERIC: Halothane

TRADE: Fluothane

USES: Produce systemic anesthesia; used frequently in children

INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT

GENERIC: Isoflurane

TRADE: Forane

USES: Maintains systemic anesthesia;

more rapid in onset than halothane

INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT

GENERIC: Nitrous Oxide

USES: Maintains systemic anesthesia

INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT

GENERIC: Desflurane

TRADE: Suprane

USES: Same as others except that they provide more precise control of maintenance and more rapid induction and emergence.

INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT

GENERIC: Sevoflurane

TRADE: Sevoflurane

USES: Same as others except that they provide more precise control of maintenance and more rapid induction and emergence

NON DEPOLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS

GENERIC: Atracurium besylate

TRADE: Tacrium

USES: Muscle relaxant

ACTIONS: Prevent muscle contractions by binding to cholinergic receptors; preventing the uptake of acetylcholine

NON DEPOLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS

GENERIC: Mivacron chloride

TRADE: Mivacron

USES: muscle relaxant

ACTIONS: Prevent muscle contractions by binding to cholinergic receptors; preventing the uptake of acetylcholine

NON DEPOLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS

GENERIC: Pancuronium bromide

TRADE: Pavulon

USES: muscle relaxant

ACTIONS: Prevent muscle contractions

by binding to cholinergic receptors; preventing the uptake of acetylcholine

NON DEPOLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS

GENERIC: Rocuronium bromide

TRADE: Zemuron

USES: Muscle relaxant

ACTIONS: prevent muscle contractions by binding to cholinergic receptors; preventing the uptake of acetylcholine

NON DEPOLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS

GENERIC: Vecuronium bromide

TRADE: Norcuron

USES: Muscle relaxant

ACTIONS: Prevent muscle contractions by binding to cholinergic receptors; preventing the uptake of acetylcholine

NON DEPOLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS

GENERIC: Succinylcholine

TRADE: Anectine

USES: Muscle relaxant

ACTIONS: Causes persistent depolarization (sustained contractions) and produces fasciculations followed by flaccidity

CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT

GENERIC: Dantrolene Sodium

TRADE: Dantrolene

USES: Management of Malignant Hyperthermia

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

GENERIC: Lidocaine

TRADE: Xylocaine

USES: To reduce pain of minor or superficial procedures; rapid control of ventricular arrhythmias

ACTIONS: injected into a specific area. Local anesthesia to relieve local discomfort of skin and mucous membranes

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

GENERIC: Bupivacaine

TRADE: Marcaine or Sensorcaine

USES: Same as lidocaine

ACTIONS: Injected into a specific area. Local anesthesia to relieve local discomfort of skin and mucous membranes

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

GENERIC: Cocaine

TRADE: Cocaine

USES: As a topical anesthetic

ACTIONS: Applied directly to the skin and mucous membrane, which readily absorb the agent

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

GENERIC: Epinephrine

TRADE: Adrenalin

USES: when added to local anesthetic ; to slow the absorption of the drug and to keep the anesthetic at the desired site; used for anaphylactic reaction, syncope due to heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity and to restore cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest

ACTIONS: Vasoconstrictor

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

GENERIC: Hyaluronidase

TRADE: Wydase

USES: Enzymes sometimes added to a local anesthetic to facilitate spread through the subcutaneous tissue all to desire nerves. Causes more rapid absorption of anesthetic

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

GENERIC: Procaine Hydrochloride

TRADE: Novocaine

USES: Spinal anesthesia and epidural and peripheral nerve block by injection and infiltration methods

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

GENERIC: Tetracaine Hydrochloride

TRADE: Pontocaine

USES: Topically to produce surface anesthesia; to anesthesize conjunctiva and cornea prior to superficial procedures, to abolish laryngeal and espohageal reflexes prior to bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy

VASODILATOR (PERIPHERY)

GENERIC: Papaverine Hydrochloride

TRADE: Pavatine

USES: Used in cardiac bypass surgery; dilate peripheral blood vessels

MISCELLANEOUS

GENERIC: Sodium Hyaluronate

TRADE: Healon

USES: Viscous jelly, sometimes used in anterior segment surgery to occupy space and prevent damage when opening anterior capsule and to prevent adhesion formation

MISCELLANEOUS

GENERIC: Vitamin k

TRADE: VitaminK

USES: Enables liver to produce clotting factors in blood, including prothrombin. Given pre-operatively to reduce possibility of hemorrhage in patients who have been on anticoagulant therapy

MISCELLANEOUS

GENERIC: Lugols Solution

TRADE: Lugols

USES: Used to identify abnormal tissue. Usually Iodine based.

ACTION: used frequently on cervical conization procedures

MISCELLANEOUS

GENERIC: Schillers solution

TRADE: Schillers

USES: Used to identify abnormal tissue. Usually Iodine based

ACTION: used frequently on cervical conization procedures

DYES

GENERIC: Brilliant Green

TRADE: Brilliant Green

USES: Enhance visualization; mark intended incision lines

DYES

GENERIC: Gentian Violet

TRADE: Gentian Violet

USES: Enhance visualization; mark intended incision lines

DYES

GENERIC: Indigo Carmine

TRADE: Indigo Carmine

USES: Enhance visualization; mark intended incision lines

DYES

GENERIC: Methylene Blue

TRADE: Methylene Blue

USES: Enhance visualization; mark intended incision lines