The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment

An intellectual movement from 1650 to 1815 that emphasized reason and individualism rather than tradition.

Scientific Revolution

Period that greatly influenced the Enlightenment, focusing on empirical evidence and scientific methods.

Academic Societies

Groups that critiqued and published intellectual works, facilitating the spread of knowledge.

Coffee Houses

Places where middle and upper-class individuals discussed contemporary issues and ideas.

The Importance of Reason

A belief during the Enlightenment that rational thought was essential to understanding the world.

Traditions Questioned by the Enlightenment

Critiques of morality, human nature, political philosophy, and religion, particularly Christianity.

Population Growth

Increase in population primarily due to agricultural advancements and better living conditions.

Agricultural Growth

Improvements in farming methods that led to increased food production and population sustainability.

The “Putting-Out” System

A production system where raw materials were given to rural workers to create finished goods.

Urbanization

The rise of industrial towns and cities, with significant population increase during the Enlightenment.

Growth of the Middle Class

An increase in educational attainment and economic status among an emerging middle class.

Living Conditions for the Poor

Many lived on the streets with poor sanitary conditions and no government support or welfare.

Manufacturing Journeymen and Apprentices

Individuals who learn a trade under masters in the manufacturing sector, contributing to the workforce.

Commercial Revolution

A period of increased demand for luxury goods and expansion of service industries.