Unit 5 Lab Exam flashcards

Esophagus (#10937): smooth muscle, shape?, striated or not?, single or multinucleated?

Shape: spindle

Striated: no

Nucleus: single

What kind of ET lines the esophagus?

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

Stomach (#10140): 3 layers of smooth muscle

From outer to innermost: Longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, oblique muscle

Duodenum (#10152): what is this structure?

villi

Small intestine 400x (#10068): what is this structure

Goblet cells

Small intestine 400x (#10068): what is this structure

microvilli

Small intestine: what type of ET?

Simple columnar epithelial tissue

Colon: what type of ET?

Simple columnar epithelial tissue

Colon: LOTS of goblet cells, why?

For lubrication for poop

How can you differentiate between the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine?

Amount of goblet cells (mainly colon) presence of villi (mainly small intestine), presence of 3 muscle layers (stomach)

Páncreas: what is this?

Pancreatic islet

Pancreas: pancreatic islets vs. acinar cells--which produces what?

Islets make hormones like insulin and glucagon. acinar cells make enzymes like amylase

What is this and what is the function?

Greater omentum: contains a thick layer of adipose tissue important for energy reserves and insulation to prevent heat loss

What is this and what is the function? ( gray with blood vessels)

Mesentery: Suspends organs in abdominal cavity and contains blood vessels and nerves that supply blood and innervate organs

Esophagus: how do the 2 layers of muscle work together to accomplish peristalsis?

Circular muscle contracts to form bolus and longitudinal muscle contracts to propel bolus forward

Stomach: notice that a gastric fistula (not normal! Due to her gastric cancer) connect the stomach to the jejunum. Why might this be a super painful condition?

Fistula is an opening and it can be painful because the contents of the stomach leak into the jejunum and can cause alot of irritation because the jejunum doesn’t have the Bruner glands that produce mucus to protect against gastric chyme and acids that the duodenum has

anus: how many sphincters?

2: internal and external anal sphincter

How many sphincters in the colon?

1: ileocecal sphincter

into which organ do the common bile duct and pancreatic duct connect?

Duodenum

what type of tooth is this

Incisor

what type of tooth is this

Canine (cuspid)

what type of tooth is this

Premolars (bicuspids)

what type of tooth is this

Molars

Which organs do each of these arteries bring blood to? Descending aorta

Abdominal organs

Which organs do each of these arteries bring blood to? hepatic artery

Liver

Which organs do each of these arteries bring blood to? splenic artery

Spleen

Which organs do each of these arteries bring blood to? superior mesenteric artery

Páncreas, duodenum, small intestine, colon

Which organs do each of these arteries bring blood to? inferior mesenteric artery

Colón and rectum

What is the destination of the blood in these veins? Hepatic vein

Inferior vena cava

What is the destination of the blood in these veins? superior mesenteric vein

Liver (hepatic portal vein)

What is the destination of the blood in these veins? splenic vein

Liver (hepatic portal vein)

What is the destination of the blood in these veins? hepatic portal vein  

Liver

What is the destination of the blood in these veins? inferior vena cava 

Heart (R atrium)

Why does the liver need a hepatic artery if the hepatic portal vein is already bringing nutrient rich blood to the liver?

Because the hepatic artery is to nourish the liver tissue while the vein brings in blood to be filtered

What is this?

Gingiva

Torso model: what is this?

esophagus

Torso model: what is this?

Cecum

Torso model: what is this?

Liver

Torso model: what is this?

Gallbladder

Torso model: what is this?

Jejunum

Torso model: what is this?

Ileum

Torso model: what is this?

Ascending colon

Torso model: what is this?

Transverse colon

Torso model: what is this?

Descending colon

What sphincter is this?

Lower esophageal sphincter

what sphincter is this?

pyloric sphincter

What are these circular folds of the small intestine called

Plicae circularis

What are these folds called

Rugae

What is this duct called (highlighted blue)

Pancreatic duct

What is this duct called (highlighted green)

Common bile duct

Torso model

Greater omentum

Half head

Oral cavity: tongue

Half head

Tongue

Half head

Salivary glands

Half head

Esophagus

Half head

Epiglottis

Half head

Pharynx

Rabbit digestive system: Teeth (Adapted for which food? Missing incisors, canines, or molars?)

Has Incisors and molars for herbivore

Missing canines

Rabbit digestive system: How does the rabbit cecum compare to a human cecum?

It is larger

What are three differences between human and rabbit digestive systems?

Rabbit: Larger cecum than human, stomach goes all across abdomen, liver has 5 lobes while humans have 4

What is the picture of?

Kidney cortex

What is this structure

Nephron

What are these parts of the nephron?

Glomerular capsule with glomerulus

What are these parts of the nephron?

Proximal convoluted tubule

What are these parts of the nephron?

Nephron loop

What are these parts of the nephron?

Distal convoluted tubule

What are these parts of the nephron?

Collecting duct

What are these parts of the nephron?

Peritubular capillaries

What is this

Renal artery

What are these parts of the nephron?

Renal vein

What are these parts of the nephron?

Afferent arteriole

What are these parts of the nephron?

Efferent arteriole

Where does filtration occur? Where does reabsorption and secretion occur?

Filtration: glomerular capsule and glomerulus

Reabsorption: PCT, Nephron loop

Secretion: DCT

Ureter (#10012): what kind of ET?

Transitional epithelial tissue

What is this

Renal medulla

What is this

Renal pyramids

What is this

Renal calyces

What is this

Renal pelvis

What is this

Renal artery

What is this

Renal vein

Vicky Reproductive Cadaver:

External genitalia:

1. clitoris

2. labia minora

3. Labia majora

Vicky Reproductive Cadaver: 1-3

1. Uterus

2. R ovary

3. L fallopian/uterine tube

Vicky reproductive cadaver: 4

4. Urinary bladder

Vicky Reproductive Cadaver: 5-7

5. Vagina

6. Clitoris

7. Labia majora

Note the corpus luteum inside each ovary--what are these formed from and what important hormone do these release?

Ovulated egg; they release progesterone

Where is the vagina in relation to rectum and urethra?

Anterior to rectum and superior to urethra

Where is the uterus in relation to the bladder?

Superior and posterior to it

Turn on pelvic bones and make transparent, can you find the pelvic outlet?

an opening for the anus

Urethra: note the many regions--which region is a shared pathway for semen and urine?

Penile urethra

Viktor Reproductive Cadaver: 1-3

1. R ductus deferens

2. R Cremaster muscle

3. R epididymis

Viktor Reproductive Cadaver: 4-5

4. R testes

5. R corpus cavernosa penis

Viktor Reproductive Cadaver: 6

6. Glans penis

Viktor Reproductive Cadaver: 1-3

1. urinary bladder

2. Seminal gland/vesicle

3. Prostate gland

Viktor Reproductive Cadaver: 4-7

4. Bulbourethral gland

5. Ejaculatory duct

6. R ductus deferens

7. Urethra

Corpus spongiosum: what is contained inside this erectile tissue?

Urethra

Where is the prostate relative to the urinary bladder?

Below it

Where is the rectum relative to the seminal vesicles and prostate gland? (think about how a doctor may check a man’s prostate…)

Rectum is Behind it; digital rectal exam to palpate the prostate

Testis: identity these structures

Seminiferous tubules

What are these?

interstitial endocrine (aka Leydig) cells

What is this inside the testes

Spermatogonia (sperm stem cells)