Breathing and the lungs

What is the main purpose of oxygen in our bodies?

Oxygen is needed for cellular respiration, which releases energy from food for cells to function.

What is cellular respiration?

It is the process of breaking down glucose to produce energy (ATP) for cells.

What are the two types of cellular respiration?

Aerobic respiration (with oxygen) and anaerobic respiration (without oxygen).

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Oxygen + Glucose → Carbon dioxide + Water + 38 ATP

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Glucose → Lactic acid + 2 ATP

Why do cells prefer aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration?

It produces much more ATP and has harmless waste products.

What is lactic acid, and why is it harmful?

A by-product of anaerobic respiration that builds up in muscles and causes fatigue.

How does breathing relate to cellular respiration?

Breathing brings in oxygen needed for aerobic respiration and removes carbon dioxide.

What is ATP, and why is it important?

ATP is the energy currency of cells, used for all cellular functions.

What is the primary function of the lungs?

To bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body.

What is the role of the alveoli?

They are air sacs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with capillaries.

What does the diaphragm do during inhalation?

It moves down, creating space for the lungs to expand and take in oxygen.

What does the diaphragm do during exhalation?

It moves up, pushing air out of the lungs.

What is the function of the trachea?

It is the windpipe that carries air to and from the lungs.

What are the bronchi?

Two branches from the trachea that lead to each lung.

What are the bronchioles?

Smaller branches inside the lungs that direct air to the alveoli.

What happens if the alveoli are damaged?

Oxygen exchange is impaired, making breathing and oxygen absorption difficult.

Why is it important to remove carbon dioxide from the body?

Too much CO₂ can make the blood acidic and harm the body.

What is A called?

Nasal cavity

What is B called?

Pharynx

What is C called?

Larynx

What is D called?

Trachea

What is G called?

Bronchus/i

What is H called?

Diaphragm

What is I called and what leads to it?

Alveoli and the bronchioles lead to it.

What is J called?

Intercostal muscles