URP: Molecules, Compounds & Nomenclature- chapter 3 - Detailed Study Notes

Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key terms and their definitions from the lecture on Molecules, Compounds, and Nomenclature.

Covalent Bond

A bond involving the sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms.

Ionic Bond

A bond involving the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, typically between metals and non-metals.

Molecular Compound

A compound that contains covalent bonds between non-metal atoms.

Chemical Formula

A symbolic representation that indicates the elements present and the relative number of atoms of each element.

Empirical Formula

The simplest type of formula, showing the atoms present and their relative numbers in the simplest whole number ratio.

Molecular Formula

A formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.

Structural Formula

A formula that illustrates the order in which atoms are bonded together in a molecule.

Condensed Structural Formula

A simplified representation of a structural formula, written on a single line.

Ball and Stick Model

A model representing the centers of bonded atoms by balls and the bonds between them by sticks.

Space Filling Model

A model that shows atoms in a molecule occupying space and being in actual contact with one another.

Monoatomic Ion

An ion consisting of a single atom that has gained or lost electrons.

Polyatomic Ion

An ion made of two or more atoms.

Binary Compound

A compound formed between two elements.

Hydrate

A compound that contains water molecules integrated into its solid structure.

Anhydrous Compound

A compound that does not contain water.

Acids

Hydrogen-containing compounds that yield H+ in aqueous solutions.

Binary Acid

An acid that consists of two elements, where hydrogen is connected to a non-metal.

Oxoacid

An acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element, usually a non-metal.

Ion Charge

The electrical charge of an ion, which is determined by the loss or gain of electrons.

Transition Metal

A metal that can form one or more than one positive ion.

Nomenclature

The system of naming chemical compounds.

Percent Composition

The mass percentage of each element in a compound.

Combustion Analysis

A method used to determine the amounts of carbon and hydrogen in a combustible organic compound.

Empirical Formula Determination

The process of calculating the empirical formula based on elemental mass percentages.

Molecular Mass

The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole.

Percent Yield

The percentage of the theoretical yield achieved in an experiment.

Ionic Compounds

Compounds formed from ionic bonds between metals and non-metals.

Oxidation State

The charge of an atom in a compound based on its electron configuration.

Formulas and Names of Inorganic Compounds

The rules governing the naming and formula writing of inorganic compounds.

Oxoanions

Anions containing oxygen and another element.

Chemical Reaction

A process where reactants are transformed into products.