AP Psychology - Unit 2: Sensation, Perception, and Thinking

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30 Terms

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Sensation

Sensory receptors & nervous system detect stimulus

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Transduction

Convert stimulus → neural signal (which brain understands)

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Perception

Brain interpret sensory information (recognition)

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Absolute Threshold

Smallest detectable stimulus to become noticeable (nothing → something

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Just-Noticeable Difference

Smallest detectable change in stimulus

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Sensory Adaptation

Constant exposure → decrease sensitivity

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Weber’s Law

Just-noticeable difference proportional to stimulus original intensity

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Sensory Interaction

One sense affects the other

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Synesthesia

Activation of sensory pathway → automatic activation of another (crossed)

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Retina

Part of eye that converts light → neural signals

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Blind Spot

Vision absent → no receptor cells to detect stimuli

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Optic Nerve

Carries visual information → brain

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Lens

Focuses light into retina by changing shape

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Accommodation

Lens changes shape to focus

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Nearsightedness

See close clearly, see far blurry

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Farsightedness

See far clearly, see close blurry

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Photo-receptors

Retina cells → detect light → convert to electrical signals

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Rods

Cells responsible for low-light vision & detecting motion

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Cones

Cells responsible for vision in bright-light & color vision

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Trichromatic Theory

vision = 3 cone receptors (R,G,B) → brain combine to create colors

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Oppenent-Process Theory

Color vision based on pairs of opposing color

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Fovea

Central area responsible for sharp central vision

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Afterimages

Visual impression that remains after stimulus is removed

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Ganglion Cells

Transmit visual information to brain via optic nerve

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Dichromatism

Difficulty distinguishing between certain colors (2 working cone cells instead of 3)

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Monochromatism

Inability to perceive color, seeing gray

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Prosopagnosia

Inability to recognize faces

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Blindsight

Responding to things you can’t see

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Wavelength

Distance between peaks/dips of wave

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Pitch

How high or low a sound is