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Sensation
Sensory receptors & nervous system detect stimulus
Transduction
Convert stimulus → neural signal (which brain understands)
Perception
Brain interpret sensory information (recognition)
Absolute Threshold
Smallest detectable stimulus to become noticeable (nothing → something
Just-Noticeable Difference
Smallest detectable change in stimulus
Sensory Adaptation
Constant exposure → decrease sensitivity
Weber’s Law
Just-noticeable difference proportional to stimulus original intensity
Sensory Interaction
One sense affects the other
Synesthesia
Activation of sensory pathway → automatic activation of another (crossed)
Retina
Part of eye that converts light → neural signals
Blind Spot
Vision absent → no receptor cells to detect stimuli
Optic Nerve
Carries visual information → brain
Lens
Focuses light into retina by changing shape
Accommodation
Lens changes shape to focus
Nearsightedness
See close clearly, see far blurry
Farsightedness
See far clearly, see close blurry
Photo-receptors
Retina cells → detect light → convert to electrical signals
Rods
Cells responsible for low-light vision & detecting motion
Cones
Cells responsible for vision in bright-light & color vision
Trichromatic Theory
vision = 3 cone receptors (R,G,B) → brain combine to create colors
Oppenent-Process Theory
Color vision based on pairs of opposing color
Fovea
Central area responsible for sharp central vision
Afterimages
Visual impression that remains after stimulus is removed
Ganglion Cells
Transmit visual information to brain via optic nerve
Dichromatism
Difficulty distinguishing between certain colors (2 working cone cells instead of 3)
Monochromatism
Inability to perceive color, seeing gray
Prosopagnosia
Inability to recognize faces
Blindsight
Responding to things you can’t see
Wavelength
Distance between peaks/dips of wave
Pitch
How high or low a sound is