Sophistication Vocabulary
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30 Terms
1
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Employ (v)
To make use of (someone or something inactive)
ex. Johnson employs a trio of examples to support his claim.
ex. Johnson employs a trio of examples to support his claim.
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Engender (v)
To cause or to exist or to develop
ex. Many hope that recent events in our country will engender politicians to take action on the issue.
ex. Many hope that recent events in our country will engender politicians to take action on the issue.
3
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Extrapolate (v)
To predict by projecting past experience or known data
ex. You just can’t extrapolate from this small of a data set.
ex. You just can’t extrapolate from this small of a data set.
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Credence (n)
Mental acceptance as true or real
ex. This gender and racial/ethnic diversity will likely lend greater credence to the task force’s decisions and recommendations.
ex. This gender and racial/ethnic diversity will likely lend greater credence to the task force’s decisions and recommendations.
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Proponent (n)
One who argues in favor of something
ex. Horrigan has been a proponent of local coronavirus health orders.
ex. Horrigan has been a proponent of local coronavirus health orders.
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Unsound (adj)
Not sound; not valid or true
ex. Without balance, hard gel extensions can become structurally unsound.
ex. Without balance, hard gel extensions can become structurally unsound.
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Specious (adj)
Having a false look of truth or genuineness
ex. A specious argument does not really stand up under close examination.
ex. A specious argument does not really stand up under close examination.
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Premise (n)
A proposition antecedently supposed or proved as a basis of argument or inference
ex. They had started with the premise that all men are created equal.
ex. They had started with the premise that all men are created equal.
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Litany (n)
A sizable number (not too big, not too small)
ex. A litany of side effects
ex. A litany of side effects
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Subject/verb
[Author] [verb], "..." (pg. #).
ex. Wordsworth believed, “Romantic poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).
ex. Wordsworth believed, “Romantic poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).
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Grammatical flow
[Commentary] (that) "..." (Author pg. #).
ex. Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).
ex. Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).
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Complete thought
[Complete sentence]: "..." (Author pg. #).
ex. Shelley held a bold view: “Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the World” (Palmer 132).
ex. Shelley held a bold view: “Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the World” (Palmer 132).
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Island
"...," [commentary], "..." (Author pg. #).
ex. “Poets,” according to Shelley, “are the unacknowledged legislators of the World” (Palmer 187).
ex. “Poets,” according to Shelley, “are the unacknowledged legislators of the World” (Palmer 187).
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Invoke (v)
putting into effect or calling upon such things as laws, authority, or privilege
ex. The suspect invoked his right to an attorney.
ex. The suspect invoked his right to an attorney.
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Evoke (v)
“to call forth or up” and is often found in connection with such things as memories, emotions, or sympathy
ex. The old house evoked memories of his childhood.
ex. The old house evoked memories of his childhood.
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Codified (v)
to arrange in a systematic collection
ex. The author codified important ideas about language.
ex. The author codified important ideas about language.
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Impetus (n)
a driving force
ex. His discoveries have given *impetus* to further research.
ex. His discoveries have given *impetus* to further research.
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Ubiquitous (adj)
widespread, characterized as being everywhere
ex. Hot dogs are the ideal outdoor food—inexpensive, portable, ubiquitous.
ex. Hot dogs are the ideal outdoor food—inexpensive, portable, ubiquitous.
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FANBOYS
IC, FANBOYS IC.
FANBOYS = for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
ex. He went to the mall with Jake, but they did not spend very long there.
FANBOYS = for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
ex. He went to the mall with Jake, but they did not spend very long there.
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Semicolon
IC; IC
ex. I ordered a soda with my lunch; my diet doesn’t start until next week.
ex. I ordered a soda with my lunch; my diet doesn’t start until next week.
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Colon
IC: IC
ex. She had one sole reason as to why she needed to go to the store: It was to buy a new toy for her puppy.
ex. She had one sole reason as to why she needed to go to the store: It was to buy a new toy for her puppy.
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Conjunctive adverb
IC; \[conjunctive adverb\], IC
ex. This task is difficult and will take years for it to occur; however, I have faith in us.
I needed to go for a walk and get some fresh air; also, I needed to buy milk.
ex. This task is difficult and will take years for it to occur; however, I have faith in us.
I needed to go for a walk and get some fresh air; also, I needed to buy milk.
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Divisive (adj)
causing disagreement or hostility between people
ex. He sought to shift their discussion to a less divisive subject.
ex. He sought to shift their discussion to a less divisive subject.
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Foment (v)
to promote the growth or development of; rouse, incite
ex. No one intended to foment an uprising or create insurgency in the nation.
ex. No one intended to foment an uprising or create insurgency in the nation.
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Myopic (adj)
short-sighted; not considering the long run; made in poor judgement
ex. The modern fitness industry has quite a myopic view of what fitness and the maintenance of health is.
ex. The modern fitness industry has quite a myopic view of what fitness and the maintenance of health is.
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Sway (v)
a controlling influence
ex. The lawyer tried to sway the jury.
ex. The lawyer tried to sway the jury.
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Anomaly (n)
a deviation from the norm; an irregularity
ex. In order to find the anomaly, the scientist had the repeat the experiment 100 times.
ex. In order to find the anomaly, the scientist had the repeat the experiment 100 times.
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Superfluous (adj)
unnecessary
ex. She removed the superfluous details in her design.
ex. She removed the superfluous details in her design.
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i.e.
\-that is to say; namely; introduces a rephrasing or an elaboration
ex. I have a favorite color, i.e., blue.
ex. I have a favorite color, i.e., blue.
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e.g.
\-for example
ex. I enjoy outdoor activities, e.g., hiking, camping, and kayaking.
ex. I enjoy outdoor activities, e.g., hiking, camping, and kayaking.
Note 
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