fluids and electrolytes

Solvents

Water or fluid in the body

Solutes

Particles that are dissolved or suspended in water or body fluids

Ph

Measures of hydrogen ion level in the blood and body fluids.

Adult male water %

60%

Adult female water %

55%

60-40-20 Rule

Total body H20 is 60% of body weight

Total ICF fluid is 40% of body weight

Total ECF fluid is 20% of body weight

Muscle tissue has more water than fat tissue

The two main systems that are responsible for fluid regulation

Heart and kidneys

Babies water %

78%

ICF- intracellular fluid

Contains 2/3 or 28L of total body H20

Fluid inside the cell.

Has a high concentration of total body water- trillions of cells in body

ECF- extra cellular fluid

Contains 1/3 or 14L of total body water

Fluid outside the cell

Has interstitial fluid (between the cells and outside the blood vessel) and intravascular fluid (blood or plasma inside the vessel)

Intravascular fluid

Plasma or blood inside vessels

92% water

Transcellular fluid

Includes CFS, pleural fluid, joint fluid, and eye fluid.

Fluid that is not intracellular but separate from plasma.

Plasma or intracellular fluid

92% water

Contains your salts, enzymes, clotting factors, red and white blood cells

Lymphatics

Helps keep body fluid in balance and defends against infection

Intravascular compartments 3L

ECF fluid, blood and plasma-liquid part of blood

About 55% of our blood is plasma

The remaining 45% are red, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in the plasma. Approximately 3L’s in the body

Capillary membrane

Barrier of endothelial cells, that have pores. They transport blood, oxygen, and nutrients between the blood and interstitial fluid.

It is where O2 and nutrients are exchanged for wastes and CO2

Interstitial fluid 11L

Below the capillary membrane

found in spaces between the cells and outside the blood vessels.

Helps bring oxygen and nutrients to cells and to remove waste products

Has very little proteins as they are large molecules and too large to pass through the capillary membranes.

Cell membrane

Semi permeable lipid layer

Separates the interior of the cell from the outside of the cells.

Also regulates materials entering and exiting the cell.

Intracellular fluid 28L

Contains the largest amount of fluid.

Water for example diffuses freely in out of the cell.

It also contains proteins, nutrients, and other electrolytes.

The most abundant electrolyte inside the cells are potassium

Outputs from the body

From the

Kidneys, lungs, feces, sweat, and skin (perspiration)

Active transport

Requires energy from ATP, to move electrolytes across the cell membrane from areas of low concentration to high concentration.

Ex: energy required to row upstream in a canoe

Diffusion

Passive movement of solutes or particles across a permeable membrane, from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Uses no energy

Osmosis

The movement of water through a selectively or semi permeable membrane.

Require no energy.

Colloid ontonic (osmotic) pressure

Blood contains albumin and other proteins known as colloids.

Osmotic pressure

Inward pulling force.

Helps move fluid from the interstitial space back into capillaries

Filtration

Fluid movement through a cell or blood vessel membrane because of hydrostatic pressure. (Blood pressure)

Does not require energy

Ex: kidneys and capillary beds.

Fluid homeostasis

Result of three processes

Fluid intake and absorption

Fluid distribution

Fluid output

Insensible water loss

Salivation, sweating, breathing, waste excretion, water or output cannot be measured.

3 assessments in assessing fluid balance

Clinical- mentation, skin turgor, thirsty, edema?

Intake/output

Review of blood chemistry and labs.

To every Celsius degree increase in body temp above normal a minimum of an additional 500mL of body fluids lost.