GCSE Chemistry Paper 1 Topics

What is a compound?

A substance that has two or more different elements which are chemically combined.

What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.

What is the name given to Group 1 elements?

Alkali Metals.

What is the name given to the number of protons in an atom?

Atomic number.

What is the charge of a proton?

+1.

What is the charge of a neutron?

0.

What is the charge of an electron?

-1.

What particles carry electrical charge through graphite?

Delocalised electrons.

Where are fullerenes used?

In electronic components.

What is an independent variable?

When a person changes something in an experiment.

What is a dependent variable?

When we wait for something to change or happen.

What is a control variable?

Something that is kept the same during an experiment.

What is insoluble?

A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent (like water) to form a solution.

What is soluble?

A substance that can dissolve in a solvent (usually liquid) to form a solution.

What is freezing?

Liquid to Solid.

What is melting?

Solid to Liquid.

What is condensation?

Gas to Liquid.

What is evaporation/boiling?

Liquid to Gas.

What is sublimation?

Solid to Gas.

What is deposition?

Gas to Solid.

What is an endothermic reaction?

Energy that is transferred from the surroundings.

What is an exothermic reaction?

Energy is transferred to the surroundings.

What is ionic bonding?

The transfer of electrons when a metal atom transfers one or more electrons to a non-metal.

What is covalent bonding?

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.

What is metallic bonding?

The strong electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons.

What is oxidation?

Gain of oxygen.

What is reduction?

Loss of oxygen.

What is oxidation (electrons)?

Loss of electrons.

What is reduction (electrons)?

Gain of electrons.

What pH level indicates an acid?

pH 1-6.

What pH level indicates an alkaline?

pH 8-14.

What is electrolysis?

Using electricity to break down electrolytes to form elements.

What is a weak acid?

Only partially ionised in aqueous solution.

What is a strong acid?

Fully ionised in aqueous solution.

What is an electrolyte?

A liquid/solution that can conduct electricity.

What is a cathode?

Negative electrode where reduction occurs.

What is an anode?

Positive electrode where oxidation occurs.

Why does the reactivity of Group 1 metals increase as you go down the group

Atoms get larger

Word equation for Metal and Acid

Metal + Acid = Salt + Hydrogen

pH of Stomach

1-3

What product forms when an acid reacts with a metal oxide

Water and Salt

How is metal extracted from a metal compound using electrolysis

A compound is split into its elements using electricity

Inert

Unreactive with other substances

When metals react, do the atoms become positive or negative ions

Positive

3 properties of metals

Sonorous, Malleable and good conductors of heat

3 properties of Non-Metal

Poor conductors of heat, brittle and dull

Explain why the reactivity of group 1 metals increases as you go down the group.

The outermost electrons are easier to lose as you go down the group

Alkali metals react with water. Which two products are formed?

Hydrogen and Metal hydroxide

Two properties in Group 7 elements

They can form covalent bonds with other non-metals and their ions usually have -1 charge

What type of molecules are Halogens

Diatomic molecules

Three properties of ionic compounds

High melting and boiling points, conducts electricity when liquid, and high strength bonds.

Why can ionic compounds only conduct electricity when in liquid/molten, or aqueous form

The ions are free to move and carry charge

Two properties of simple molecular substances

Low boiling points and unable to conduct electricity

Do giant covalent structures have high or low melting points?

High

Properties of a diamond

It is strong and doesn't conduct electricity. It also has a high melting and boiling point.

Allotropes

Two substances that are made from the same element, with the same physical state but that have different structures

Can diamonds conduct electricity

No

What chemical processes are used to extract metal from their ores

Electrolysis and reduction with carbon

Why is electrolysis not used to extract all metals?

Electrolysis is expensive because it requires a lots of electricity

What is the name of the substance that is mixed with aluminium oxide to lower its melting point

Cryolite