Evaluate the view that think tanks, lobbyists and corporations exert greater influence on government and parliament than traditional pressure groups (source question but written as 30 mark essay)

Introduction

Think tanks are research organisations that conduct in-depth studies and provide analysis and recommendations on various topics, influencing policy decisions and public discourse. A lobbyist is an individual or organisation that engages in advocacy efforts to influence the decisions and policies of government officials, particularly legislators and regulatory agencies. A corporation is a large business company that, under the law, has rights and duties of an individual. A pressure group is an organised group of people who work together to try to influence what other people or the government think about a particular subject, aiming to achieve their desired outcomes. In this essay it will be argued that think tanks, lobbyists and corporations do exert greater influence on government and parliament than traditional pressure groups.

Point (para 1)

Firstly, think tanks exert greater influence on government and parliament than traditional pressure groups due to their research-based influence. Think tank's reports and studies inform legislation, shape public discourse, and influence policy decisions.

Evidence/Explain (para 1)

For example, the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) is an influential think tank which advocates for free-market policies. It has provided brings to radical Brexiter MPs in the European Research Group (ERG) during critical Brexit negotiations. This shows how that think tanks exert influence on government and parliament as the IEA's research and advocacy have shaped the UK's approach to leaving the European Union.

Counterpoint (para 1)

However, critics argue that despite fragmentation, pressure groups remain resilient in their commitment to social causes. For example, the MakeTheUTurn Campaign by Fare Share and Marcus Rashford (2020). Marcus Rashford collaborated with Fare Share, a charity fighting hunger and food waste. They campaigned to convince the UK government to provide families in England with vouchers for free school meals during summer holidays for pupils in need. Their relentless advocacy led to a policy U-turn by the government, ensuring vulnerable children received essential meals during summer holidays for pupils in need, showing their great influence on government and parliament.

Mini-conclusion (para 1)

Despite this, there is evidence of think tanks playing a vital role in shaping policy. For example, Labour Together, an overtly political think tank, emerged after Labour's 2019 electoral defeat. Led by Josh Simons, it collaborates explicitly with the Labour Party. Their research focuses on topics like economic security, planning reform, and strategies towards female voters. In a report written by Shadow Chancellor Rachel Reeves for Labour Together, outlining her economic security agenda, she stated that the think tank's polling-driven approach ensures policy recommendations resonate with target voter groups, aiming to help Labour get elected. Labour Together is an example of how think tanks actively contribute to shaping policy agendas, showcasing their influence on government and parliament.

Point (para 2)

Secondly, lobbyists exert greater influence on government and parliament than traditional pressure groups due to access and persuasion. Lobbyists have direct access to lawmakers, attending meetings, providing information, and advocating for their clients' positions. Their persuasive skills and financial resources allow them to influence policy decisions.

Evidence/Explain (para 2)

For example, Conservative MP Scott Benton faced suspension for breaking lobbying rules. He was alleged to have lobbied for the gambling industry and leaked confidential government documents. Specifically, he leaked the government's gambling white paper ahead of publication, revealing plans for tighter industry regulations. Benton's actions highlight how lobbyists with industry connections can gain access to sensitive information. Their persuasive efforts can sway policy decisions, even compromising confidentiality, showing their influence over government and parliament.

Counterpoint (para 2)

However, pressure groups, including trade unions, NGOs, and community-based organisations, operate at the grassroots level. They mobilise citizens through protests, petitions, and collective actions. Their advocacy focuses on social justice, environmental protection, and workers' rights. For example, Extinction Rebellion (X-RAY), a climate change protest group, used grassroots tactics similar to the Occupy movement. In October 2011, they occupied the square in front of St. Paul's Cathedral in London, erecting tents until eviction by order of the High Court four months later. Their protests drew attention to corporate greed and social inequality, echoing similar demonstrations globally. By targeting prominent locations, such as Wall Street in New York, they amplified their cause and sparked public debate. This illustrates how pressure groups continue to influence policy discussions and advocate for social change in the UK, through grassroots mobilisation and civil disobedience.

Mini-conclusion (para 2)

Despite this, there is evidence of lobbyists exerting enhanced influence due to their direct access and financial resources. For example, the Brexit Boom for Britain's Lobbyists (2017). The legal and regulatory uncertainty triggered by Britain's departure from the EU created a business boom for lobbying firms. These firms specialise in influencing lawmaking in Westminster and Brussels. Former Tory advisors flooded the field, leveraging their connections. Firms like Teneo established dedicated "Brexit client transition units" to navigate the complex landscape.

Point (para 3)

Lastly, corporations exert greater influence on government and parliament than traditional pressure groups through economic power and lobbying. Corporations wield substantial economic power due to their financial resources, global reach, and influence over markets. They engage in direct lobbying, employing professional lobbyists to advocate for their interests. Their lobbying efforts extend to campaign donations, industry associations, and corporate-sponsored research.

Evidence/Explain (para 3)

For example, through fossil fuel lobbying and a windfall tax (2024). Privileged access and meetings with ministers allowed fossil fuel lobbyists to shape government plans. An opaque, official-looking lobbying group and an oil and gas fiscal forum advised the Treasury collectively. Significant changes to government plans resulted in a windfall tax that raised only half the promised amount, saving corporations billions. This shows how corporations can significantly impact policy decisions and influence government actions in the UK, illustrating their enhanced influence of government and parliament.

Counterpoint (para 3)

However, pressure groups continue to play a crucial role in democratic governance. For example, the Campaign for Nuclear Diasarmament (CND). The CND is a longstanding pressure group advocating for the abolition of nuclear weapons. CND organises protests, marches, and educational campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of nuclear proliferation. Their persistent efforts have influenced public opinion and kept the issue of nuclear disarmament on the political agenda. CND's activism contributes to democratic accountability by challenging government policies related to nuclear weapons. This illustrates pressure group's enhanced influence over government and parliament due to their influence over government policy.

Mini-conclusion

Despite this, corporations hold influence through economic power. For example, the UK government introduced the Corporate Insolvency and Governance Bill in Parliament in May 2020. This legislation aimed to address the challenges resulting from the impact of COVID-19 on businesses. Corporations influenced the drafting and passage of this bill ensuring provisions aligned with their economic interests, illustrating their influence over government and parliament

Conclusion

In conclusion, think tanks, lobbyists and corporations exert greater influence on government and parliament than traditional pressure groups due to their research-based influence, access and persuasion, and through economic power and lobbying.