Reproductive and sexual health study guide

Contraception defi

Any method used to prevent pregnancy. People use it to avoid unplanned pregnancies, to plan when they can have children, and sometimes to help manage health issues like irregular periods or cramps

Abstinence defi

Choosing not to have sexual intercourse

Why is abstinence considered the most effective form of birth control?

It is considered the most effective because if sex does not happen, pregnancy and STIs cannot occur at all

Vasectomy defi

procedure for males where the tubes that carry sperm are cut or sealed

Tubal Ligation defi

Procedure for females where the fallopian tubes are cut or blocked to prevent eggs from meeting sperm

What are 3 factors someone should consider when choosing a form of contraception?

Effectiveness at preventing pregnancies, protection against STIs, cost and access, possible side effects, ease of use or conveinence

Why is the withdrawl method not considered a reliable form of contraception

Its not considered a reliable form of contraception bc sperm can be relased before ejaculation, timing mistakes are comon, making pregnancy more likley

Why is birth control pill not effective at preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

The pill only works by preventing ovulation and pregnancy. It does not block contact with bodily fluids, so it cannot protect against STIs

Where does fertilization take place in the female reproductive system?

takes place in the fallopian tubes.

On average, how many weeks does a pregnancy last?

40 weeks

Describe the three stages of labor and delivery in the order they occur. 

Dilation: the cervix opens 10 cm   Delivery of the baby: the baby is pushed out Delivery of the placenta: The placenta detaches from uterine wall/uterus 

Dilation defi

the cervix opens 10 cm

what does the placenta do in pregnancy?

Detaches from uterine/uterus

Cervix defi

lower opening of the uterus

Why is the cervix important during child birth?

it acts as a strong barrier, keeping the baby safely inside the uterus and blocking germs

ectopic pregnancy defi

happens when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube

why is ectopic pregnancy dangerous?

 It is dangerous because it cannot develop normally and can cause serious internal bleeding.

Braxton hicks contractions defi

  irregular practice contractions that do not cause the cervix to open.

True labor contractions defi

regular, stronger, and lead to child birth.

 preeclampsia defi

a pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure and signs of organ stress, often involving the kidneys or liver.

Why is Preeclampsia a serious pregnancy complication?

because it can reduce blood flow to the baby and cause seizures, organ damage, or other life threatening problems if not treated. 

First trimester defi

 Major organs and body systems begin to form. This is when most miscarriages occur because development is most fragile

How long does the first tirmester last?

(weeks 1-12)

Second trimester defi

The baby grows quickly, organs continue maturing, and movement can be felt. The risk of miscarriage is lower.

How long does the second trimester last?

weeks 13-26

Third trimester defi

The baby gains weight, organs are fully developed, and body prepares for birth.

How long does the third trimester last?

weeks 27-40

 gestational diabete defi

 type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy when the body cannot properly control blood sugar levels.

when does gestational diabetes occur during pregnancy

It usually occurs in the second or third trimester and often goes away after birth.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) defi

a condition that can occur when alcohol is consumed during pregnancy

how does fetal alc syndrome devolp?

Alcohol interferes with fetal development and can cause lifelong physical, learning and behavioral problems.  

If a pregnant person cannot deliver vaginally, what is the alternative delivery method?

C section

C section defi

A surgical procedure where the baby is delivered through an incision in the abdomen and uterus.

postpartum depression defi

a serious mood disorder that can occur after childbirth and includes persistent sadness, anxiety, or difficulty bonding with the baby.

why is it important to treat postpartum depression?

It is important to recognize and treat it because it affects both the parents' health and the baby's development. 

Ovulation phase defi

an ovary releases a mature egg into the fallopian tube. This is the time when pregnancy is most likely if sperm are present. 

Menstrual phase defi

when the uterus sheds its lining, causing a period.

ovulatory phase defi

 when an egg is released from the ovary

Amenorrhea defi

 the absence of the menstrual periods, caused by excerise, stress etc

dysmenorrhea defi

 refers to painful menstrual cramps

menorrhagia defi

refers to unusually heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. 

STI defi

sexually transmitted infection.

What are examples of stis

HIV, chlamydia and gonorrhea. 

what are 3 ways a person can increase their risks of getting STIs?

having unprotected sexual contact, having sex with different people, not getting tested regularly. 

asymptomatic STIs defi

show no noticeable symptoms.

symptomatic STIs defi

cause clear signs like pain, sores, or discharge

3 method of preventing STIs?

is  using condoms correctly and consistently, abstinence, regular STI testing and open communication with partners. 

Is HIV/AIDS viral, bacterial, or parasetic STIs?

Viral

Is gonorrhea viral, bacterial, or parasitic STI?

Baceterial

Is herpes viral, bacterial or parastic STI?

Viral

Is public ice viral, bacterial, or parasitic?

Parasitic

why you can you not get HIV from hugging, sharing drinks, or kissing someone?

 HIV is not spread through casual contact. It cannot survive in saliva, sweat, or on surfaces, so hugging, sharing drinks, or kissing someone do not transmit HIV.

HIV defi

 the virus that attacks the immune system.

AIDS defi

AIDS is the most advantage stage of HIV infection

Can you cure HIV and AIDS?

no cure for either, but HIV can be controlled with medication so people can live long, healthy lives. 

HIV damages the immune system and what white blood cells have to do with it?

HIV attacks white blood cells, which can help the body fight infections. Over time, HIV reduces the number of these cells, weakening the immune system. 

Viral STIs defi

Viral STIs cannot be cured, but symptoms can often be managed with medication. 

Bacterial STIs defi

can usually be cured with antibiotic

What are long-term consequences of leaving STIs untreated?

can lead to infertility, chronic pain, organ damage, complications during pregnancy, and increased risk of spreading infections to others.

How can vaccination help prevent certain STIs?

Vaccines help the immune system recognize and fight specific viruses, preventing infections. Some STIs such as HPV and hepatitis B, can be prevented through vaccination.