Exam 1 - Biogeography

Noted changes in vegetation as related to changes in elevation on a mountain , similar to latitudinal changes

Alexander von Humboldt

Conifers and thin, low fertility acidic soils are most likely to be found in this cold subarctic region

Taiga

Charles Lyell

provided evidence that the Earth must be very old because geological processes are very slow

has an emphasis on species dispersing across barriers

Dispersalist Biogeography

layered 3-D communities with high rainfall levels ( 2,000-4,000mm annually) , warm temps with little variation between months, and nutrient poor acidic soils

Tropical Rainforest

Biogeography is mainly based on ----- data

observational

first to propose that environmentally similar but isolated regions have distinct assemblages of mammals and birds

Buffon

Wrote the book, " Principles of Geology " which described the geological processes that shaped the planet

Charles Lyell

primarily deals with current distribution patterns in relation to ecological conditions

Ecological Biogeography

states that lineages of mammals tend to increase in body size over evolutionary time

copes rule

has an emphasis on new barriers separating previously connected populations

Vicariance Biogeography

wrote the book, " on the origin of species " which described the mechanism by which evolution works

Charles Darwin

Non-woody plants, no trees, a very short growing season, and permafrost under soil

Tundra

coined/ came up with the term " Biogeography "

Merriam

literature is peer-reviewed like journals, dissertations, and conference proceedings

primary literature

states that in endothermic vertebrates, individuals in cooler climates tend to be larger than those from warmer climates

Bergmann's rule

mild rainy winters, dry summers with a dense growth of evergreen shrubs and drought resistant trees, often fire adapted

Chaparral

primarily deals with distributions of past organisms , including how past taxa originated and dispersed

Historical Biogeography

characterized by large daily temp fluctuations, low rainfall, dessication ( water loss) resistant plants that are sparsely distributed , and soils that are low in organic matter

Desert Biome

is the scientific study of spatial patterns of biological diversity

Biogeography

states that within a species, individuals from more humid habitats tend to be darker in color than those from drier habitats

Glogers Rule

Argued that organisms dispersed from the ark and Mount Ararat and was strongly against evolution

Linnaeus

Deep, nutrient rich soils, herbaceous perennial vegetation, and large roaming mammals/ ungulates , e.g in the American mid-west

Temperate grasslands

is defined as the study of the interactions among living organisms and between living organisms and their physical environment

Ecology

in the Carbon Cycle, name the process by which organic carbon that is burned is released back to the atmosphere

Combustion

The percentage of the suns energy that enters our atmosphere and is trapped by photosynthesis

1-2%

the approximate percentage of energy that is transferred from one trophic level to the next trophic level

10%

what happened to the energy that did not get trapped in the next trophic level?

90% Lost as heat

In the Carbon cycle, name the process by which atmospheric carbon is trapped by green plants

Photosynthesis

Collective term for a community and its environment

Ecosystem

term for the movement of water from ground level into the sub surface

Infiltration

the process of evaporation of water vapor by plant leaves through their stomata

Transpiration

------ pyramid = diagram in which each tier ( box ) depicts the total living organic matter of all organisms at each tropic level

Biomass Pyramid

in the Nitrogen Cycle, name the process by which atmospheric N2 is converted to NH3

Nitrogen fixation

_____ states that in endothermic vertebrates, extremities are smaller in cooler climates, and larger in warmer climates, like the ears of snowshoe hares compared to black-tailed hares.

Allen’s rule