MTEL

Leggiero

Light/Graceful

Tenuto

Held for full value of time

Auxillary tone (lower/higher)

Non-Chord Tone above or below by a half step played briefly before returning to a note

Mordent

Rapid single alternation between a note and the one above or below it

Sequence

Musical Statements repeated at transposition

Ostinato

Musical phrase that is persistently repeated

appoggiatura

gracenote played on the beat (no flam line)

Neopoltitan 6th Chord

bII6 in minor key (first inversion)

Types of Augmented 6th

French, Italian, German

Polonaise

March like polish dance in ¾ 1st beat accented

bolero

Spanish dance in ¾ time more percussive

sarabande

SLOW spanish dance in ¾ time, beat two accented

Mazurka

Lively polish dance in ¾ time with the 2nd or 3rd beat accented

word painting

when the lyric parallels the musical technique being used

Augmentation

lengthened rhythms or intervals

inversion

rearranging the notes of a chord

immitation

when a musical motif is repeated in a different voice then the original

Simple Meter

Beats can be divided into 2s (2/4, 3/4). Based on division of beats not amount beats in a bar

Compound Meter

When beats can be divided into 3 (6/8, 9/8)

Duple, Triple, Quadruple

Describes # of beats in a bar

Mixed meter vs Assymetrical meter

Multiple Time Signatures vs uneven division of beats

Binary Form

A and B

Strophic Form

AAA (Same melody all verses)

Composite ternary

Large ABA structures made up of smaller binary forms

Fugue count voices

count voices per time (all voices should play at same time if they are both being used)

polyphonic

multiple voices at same time that can contrast

heterophonic

multiple performers play variations on the same melody

monophonic

single line unaccompanied

homophonic

all harmonizing parts have the same rhythm as melody 

gigue

fast paced movement at the end of a baroque suite

courante

16th century triple meter dance mid tempo

allemande

moderate tempo german dance in 4/4

Mellisma

multiple notes per syllable

Lament Bass

Descending bass line in a minor key during the baroque era

Basso Continuo

The harmonic structure and group instruments that realize figured bass

ritonello

short repeated musical section that alternates with a soloist

Parallel Period

Two phrases: second phrase begins with same melodic idea as first phrase. Half cadence to PAC

Contrasting period

Two phrases: begin with different melodic ideas (antecedent and consequent)

nocturne

solo piano composition that evokes to mood of night

Ballade

Solo piano piece that is narrative, lyrical and slow

William Billings

Simple Music for 4 part chorus, Chester and New England Psalm singer

Lowell Mason

Simple Church Music, joy to the world

Stephen Foster

American Folk Music/Parlor Songs - Oh Susanna, Campdown Races

Edward MacDowell

American Piano Suites

lyrical trio

softer singable melody

bugle call

short triatic military signal

12 tone serialism

tone row

borrowed materials

reusing parts of other music in a new composition

mriba

sub saharan african thumb keyboard

Pipa

Chinese guitar w a neck

Zither

chinese guitar w/o a neck

Bouzouki

Irish Guitar that has baritone and alto range

Gemulich

leasurely tempo

C Clef

Defines Middle C

treble clef with 8 below

all notes played an octave lower than they appear

Phrygian Mode

Minor with b2

Locrian

minor with b2 and b5

Phrygian Cadence

when iv6 resolves to V

Voice overlap

In 4 part voice writing when a note crosses to a note above it’s territory

proper preperation of the suspension

The note that will become the suspension is first sounded as a consonant chord tone

Improper resolution of a leading tone

the 3 or 7th of a dominant chord does not resolve by a half step

inversion (tone row)

flipping the tone rows intervals

retrograde

tone row notes are played backward

Half cadence

ends on V

Canonic imitation

exact imitation

tertian sonorities

chords built from thirds (up to extensions)

Landini Cadence

Medieval technique where a major sixth is expanded to an octave by each voice moving contrary by a step

piccardy third

unexpected major I at the end of a minor passage, prominent in the renaissance era

french overture

musical form with a slow dotted rhythm first section and a faster fugal second section

sonata form

exposition, development, recapitulation. Primary theme of exposition establishes the tonic

mozart era

classical era

beethoven era

classical to early romantic era

First Germanic Romantic Opera

The Marksman by Carl Maria von Weber

impressionism

music that focuses on creating mood and atmosphere

Shostakovich

fifth symphony was written in response to fair and just criticism of his worm

Tone poem

one movement programatic orchestral work

idyll

pastoral poem set to music

music drama

an opera whose structure is built around dramatic effectiveness rather than arias

arias

long song for solo voice in an opera (unaccomanied)

intermezzo

short connecting instrumental movement in an opera or other work

Patrick Gilmore

american civil war composer

John Phillips Sousa Key Change occurs

Beginning of trio

Corrido

a narrative ballad preserving oral history, set to a waltz or polka rhythm

Norteña

a song with instrumental interludes and named for its place of origin

Cancion romantica

Romantic mexican song

Shamisen

3 stringed plucked instrument for puppet theater

shakuhachi

japense flute for meditative purposes

Biwa

japanese lute for story telling

koto

japanese zither instrument, national instrument

Talea and Color

Medieval music. Talea is repeated rhythmic idea and color is repeated melodic idea

ripieno

non-soloing instruments in baroque music

Schumann

Composer and critic

Musica ficta

unwritten sharps and flats in medieval and renaissance music

Doctrine of affections

baroque theory that music should arouse emotions

lied

german song for solo voice and piano accompaniment

Antiphon

Two choirs alternating

Arrieta

short piece for single voice or instrumental

chanson

polyphonic french songs

Cambiatta

changing voice