(Biology I) Biomolecules

Biomolecules

Molecules found in organisms that are necessary for life

Types of biomolecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Main function of carbohydrates

Energy and structure for cells

Characteristics of carbohydrates

Water-soluble (hydrophilic)

Carbohydrate monomer

Monosaccharide

Classification of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides, dissacharide, polyssacharide

Examples of Carbohydrate monossacharide

Glucose, fructose

Examples of Carbohydrate dissacharide

Sucrose, lactose

Carbohydrates: Starch (poly)

Storages sugar in plant cells

Carbohydrates: Glycogen (poly)

Stores sugars in animal cells

Carbohydrates: Cellulose (poly)

Main structural material of plants

Main function of Lipids (fats)

Long-term energy storage, cell membrane, body protection

Characteristics of Lipids (fats)

Water-insoluble

Lipids (fats) monomers [kinda]

Glycerol (yes wawa) and fatty acids (no wawa)

Classification of Lipids (fats)

Triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, steroids

Types of lipids (fats)

Saturated, unsaturated

Lipids (fats): Saturated

C surrounded by H. No double bonds

Lipids (fats): Unsaturated

C surrounded by H. With double bonds

Types of unsaturated fats (Lipids)

Cis, trans

Cis unsaturated fats (Lipids):

Liquid at room temperature, generally heatlhy

Trans unsaturated fats (Lipids):

Solid at room temperature, mostly artificial

Main function of proteins

Major building block of the body

Protein monomer

Amino acid

Classification of Protein

Peptide, polypeptide, protein

Protein structures

Primary, secundary, tertiary, quaternary

Main function of Nucleic acids

Store genetic information

Nucleic acids monomer

Nucleotide

Types of Nucleic acids

DNA, RNA