APUSH progressivism vocab 31-52

Square Deal

Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers

Northern Securities Co. vs. US (1904)

Court ordered Morgan's' railroad monopoly broken up for trying to end railroad competition. In other words, you can't create a company whose sole purpose is that of helping to eliminate competition within another industry.

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

Made it so that meat would be inspected by the government from coral to can. It began a quality rating system as well as increased the sanitation requirements for meat producers.

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

This law forbade the manufacture or transport or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs and poisonous patent medicines and gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. It paved the way for the eventual creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) still in existence as the FDA.

Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives

Early 1900's writer who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. Muckraker novel.

Standard Oil Case

a 1911 antitrust case in which Standard Oil was found guilty of violating the Sherman Act by illegally monopolizing the petroleum industry

William Howard Taft

27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.

Pinchot-Ballinger Affair

Taft appointed Ballinger as secretary of interior. Ballinger removed nearly one million acres from government protection

Evidence of corruption was given to Pinchot

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice

Election of 1912, Bull Moose Party

Taft and Wilson went against each other for election. This election was significant because campaigns were used to gain voters. In addition, TR created a new progressive party which split the republican party. The Democratic party became liberal and progressive while the Republican party became conservative.

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

New Freedom

Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.

Mann-Elkins Act

Passed in 1910, it empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) for the first time to initiate rate changes, extend regulation to telephone and telegraph companies and set up a Commerce Court to expedite appeals from the ICC rulings

Federal Reserve Act

a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply

Clayton Antitrust Act

1914 act designed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890; certain activities previously committed by big businesses, such as not allowing unions in factories and not allowing strikes, were declared illegal.

Federal Trade Commission

a federal agency established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices

Underwood Tariff

Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax

Sixteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax.

Seventeenth Amendment

1913 constitutional amendment allowing American voters to directly elect US senators

Charles Beard, Economic Interpretation of the Constitution

Historical opinion that argues the Founding Fathers were more concerned about creating a government that would protect their property than one that promoted the ideals of the American Revolution

Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)

Declared the Keating-Owen Act (a child labor act) unconstitutional on the grounds that it was an invasion of state authority.