Unit 1: Chemistry of Life

What is the structure of water?

Polar, positive hydrogen, negative oxygen

How does water bond?

With hydrogen bonding

Hydrogen bonds are…

weaker

What is cohesion?

Water attracting with water

What is adhesion?

Water attracting with another molecule

What are other properties of water?

Evaporative cooling, surface tension, and specific heat

What does it mean to be hydrophobic?

repels water

What does it mean to be hydrophylic?

loves water

What are the four macromolecules?

Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carboydrates

What is the monomer of proteins?

Amino acids

What are the polymers of proteins?

Polypeptides

What is a biological example of a protein?

Enzymes

What are the functions of proteins?

Work

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Nucleotide

What is the polymer of nucleic acids?

DNA or RNA

What is a biological example of nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Transportation and storage of genes

What is the function of lipids?

Long term energy storage

What is the monomer of lipids?

Glycerol and fatty acids

What is a biological example of lipids?

Steroids

What is a biological example of carbohydrates?

Starch

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

monosaccharide

What is the polymers of carbohydrates?

Polysaccharide

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Quick energy, short term energy storage, structure

How do monomers bind?

With dehydration synthesis

What is dehydration synthesis?

Removal of water to create a covalent bond

What is hydrolysis?

Adding water to break covalent bonds

What is the molecular structure of nucleic acids?

CHONP

What is the molecular structure of proteins?

CHONS

What are the different structures of proteins?

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

What is the molecular structure of lipids?

CHO

What is the ratio of lipids?

1:2: < 1

What do double bonds determine?

Saturated versus unsaturated

What is a saturated bond?

No double bonds, solid

What is a unsaturated bond?

greater than or equal to 1 double bond, liquid, kink

What is the molecular structure of carbohydrates?

CHO

What is the ratio of carbohydrates?

1:2:1

What are the six functional groups?

Carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfhydryl