Bones and Joints of the lower limb

Pelvic Girdle-Coronal Plane (Most anterior)?

• Anterior superior iliac spine

• Pubic tubercles

Knee Joint

• Synovial, modified hinge joint

  • also glides and rotates

• Strength depends on surrounding muscles and ligaments from femur + tibia

• Patellar retinacular

  • vastus medialis and lateralis aponeuroses

What 5 ligaments aid in supporting the knee joint?

1) Patellar ligament*

2) Medial (tibial) collateral ligament*

3) Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament*

4) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)**

5) Posteiror cruciate ligament (PCL)**

*extracapsular ligament (outside joint capsule)

**Intracapsular ligament (inside joint capsul)

Patellar ligament

• Connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity

• Strengthens joint anteriorly

Medial (Tibial) Collateral ligament

• Broad band connecting the medical epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia

• Directly adhered to the medial meniscus

Lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament

• Narrow “Cord-like” band connecting the lateral epicondyle of the head of the fibula

• Separated from the lateral meniscus by the tendon of the popliteus m.

Medial meniscus directly adheres to what?

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

Lateral meniscus is separated from what?

Lateral collateral ligaments by the tendon of the popliteus m

How does an ACL rupture?

Hyperextension

How does a PCL rupture?

Landing on tibial tuberosity with flexed knee

What does the ACL attach?

Attaches the lateral condyl of the femur to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia

What does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?

Attaches the medial condyl of the femur to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia

What are included in the unhappy triad?

1) Anterior cruciate ligament

2) Medial collateral ligament

3) Medial meniscus

Hip (coxal) bones + structural type?

• Hip bone and femur

• Synovial; ball and socket

Knee (tibiofemoral) bones + structural type

• femur and tibia

• Synovial; modified hings

Knee (femoropatellar) bones + structural type

• Femur and patella

• Synovial; plane

Ankle bones + structural type

• Tibia and fibula with talus

• Synovial; hinge

Toe (interphalangeal) bones + structural type

• Adjacent phalanges

• Synovial; hinge