Chem 100 Midterm

What is the metric unit for length?

meter (m)

What tool is used to measure length?

ruler

What is the metric unit for mass?

kilogram (kg) or gram (g)

What is the definition of mass?

Amount of matter in an object

What is the metric unit for volume?

m³ or cm³

What tool is used to measure volume?

graduated cylinder

What is an atom?

A particle consisting of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons.

What is located at the center of an atom?

The nucleus.

What particles are found in the nucleus?

Protons and neutrons.

What charge do electrons have?

Negative charge.

What is the charge of an atom with equal protons and electrons?

Neutral.

What charge does an atom have if it has more protons than electrons?

Positive charge.

What charge does an atom have if it has fewer protons than electrons?

Negative charge.

Which subatomic particle is responsible for reactivity?

Electron.

Which subatomic particle determines the identity and atomic number of an element?

Proton.

What are isotopes?

Different isotopes of an element have a different number of neutrons.

Where can protons and neutrons be found?

In the nucleus.

Where can electrons be found?

Outside the nucleus.

What are valence electrons?

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

Why are valence electrons important?

They determine an element's chemical properties and reactivity.

What is the charge of an atom that loses 2 electrons?

+2 charge.

What is the charge of an atom that gains 3 electrons?

-3 charge.

What happens to electrons in an ionic bond?

Electrons are transferred from the metal to the nonmetal.

What is formed when nonmetals bond?

A molecule.

What is the dominant force when water beads up on wax paper?

Cohesion.

What is the dominant force when water spreads out on a glass slide?

Adhesion.

What type of bond results in water's high surface tension?

Cohesive forces.