Lab exam 2: axial miscles

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to the muscles of the axial and trunk regions, focusing on their names, locations, functions, and anatomical relationships.

What are the components of the axial muscles to be labeled on the torso model?

Head, neck, face, trunk muscles including pectoralis major and minor, rectus abdominis, and erector spinae.

What does the term 'epicraneous' refer to?

Forehead muscle, also known as the frontal belly.

What is the role of the temporalis muscle?

Covers the temporal bone and is involved in mastication.

What is the structure and function of orbicularis oculi?

Circular muscle around the eye responsible for closing the eyelids.

How are the zygomaticus major and minor muscles positioned?

Zygomaticus minor is above zygomaticus major.

What is the buccinator muscle associated with?

It is associated with mastication and helps in chewing.

Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle originate and insert?

Originates at the manubrium of the sternum and medial clavicle; inserts at the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

What are the functions of the pectoralis major muscle?

Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

What are the layers of abdominal wall muscles from superficial to deep?

External oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis.

What is the main action of the diaphragm during breathing?

Flattens to increase lung volume for inhalation and relaxes to decrease volume for exhalation.

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

Flexes the vertebral column, compresses the abdominal wall, and assists in forced expiration.

How does the trapezius muscle contribute to movement?

It extends and elevates the head and rotates and retracts the scapula.

What does the erector spinae muscle group do?

Keeps the spine erect and supports spinal movement.

What is the relationship between the origin and insertion points of the latissimus dorsi?

Originates from spinous processes of T7-T12 and ribs 8-12, and inserts at the intertubercle sulcus of the humerus.

What distinguishes the external intercostals from the internal intercostals?

External intercostals are located between the ribs, while internal intercostals are located between the costal cartilages.

What does 'costal' refer to in the context of intercostal muscles?

Relates to ribs.

Which muscles are primarily responsible for respiration?

Intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.