Unit 4: The Political Organization of Space

studied byStudied by 4 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Country

1 / 83

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

84 Terms

1

Country

an identifiable land area often connected to an independent state

New cards
2

State

a population under an autonomous government

New cards
3

Nation

group of people who share a common genetic or cultural heritage

New cards
4

Stateless nations

Nations without political/government recognition

New cards
5

Nationalism

intense pride of one’s nation, people, and history

New cards
6

Physical boundaries

distance, mountain ranges, deserts, rivers, and forests

New cards
7

Confederations

larger countries made up of smaller political entities

New cards
8

Microstates

tiny countries sharing a border with other countries

New cards
9

Sovereign government

government controlling land and possessing authority over its people

New cards
10

Citizenship

legal identification of belonging to a particular country

New cards
11

Naturalization

the process of becoming a citizen

New cards
12

Diplomatic/consular missions

buildings providing services for citizens abroad

New cards
13

Enclave

an area that is home to an ethnic minority; a territory completely surrounded by the territory of one other state

New cards
14

Exclave

part of a state geographically separate from the main part

New cards
15

UNCLOS

UN law creating standard ocean boundaries

New cards
16

International Whaling Moratorium

prohibits harpooning of whales

New cards
17

EEZ

Exclusive Economic Zones

New cards
18

1652 Act of Union

produced border between England and Scotland

New cards
19

Superimposed borders

arbitrarily decided borders that are often disputed

New cards
20

Kuril Islands

contested by Japan and the Soviet Union after World War II

New cards
21

Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta

changes in physical landscapes can create border confusion like the borders of India and Bangladesh

New cards
22

Operational Dispute

opposing countries/groups each attempt to stall/interfere with borders

New cards
23

Allocational dispute

factions competing to control natural resources along a border

New cards
24

Conference of Berlin (1884-1885)

established colonial borders based on the desires of European rulers

New cards
25

“Tyranny of the Map”

describes European tyranny over the map of Africa and its borders

New cards
26

Kashmir

officially controlled by India while being claimed by Pakistan (and China)

New cards
27

Algerian War of Independence

changed France’s “borders” to be only on the European continent

New cards
28

Morphology

physical shape of a territory

New cards
29

Annex

forcefully incorporating lands under their control

New cards
30

Incorporation

the process where residents of an annexed territory are given citizenship by the country they are becoming a part of

New cards
31

Supranational organization

two or more sovereign nations in a formal alliance

New cards
32

Hanseatic League

medieval commercial and defense group

New cards
33

League of Nations

formed after World War I by Woodrow Wilson

New cards
34

United Nations

the world’s primary multinational organization

New cards
35

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

New cards
36

Warsaw Pact

agreement formed by the Soviet Union in response to NATO

New cards
37

European Coal and Steel Community

united France, Italy, West Germany, Luxembourg, and Belgium for limited free trade

New cards
38

Tariffs

taxes imposed on foreign goods

New cards
39

European Union

the largest supranational organization with 27 members

New cards
40

Schengen Agreement

opened borders to new EU members

New cards
41

European Court of Justice

appeals court in Luxembourg taking up commercial and civil rights issues from EU members

New cards
42

Brexit

referendum vote where Britain would leave the EU

New cards
43

NAFTA

North American Free Agreement ended tariffs between the US, Canada, and Mexico

New cards
44

Zapatista Uprising

protests against the enactment of NAFTA policies based on cheaper, government-subsidized US products

New cards
45

Atlantic Charter

document which stated the intent to make the world safe for democracy

New cards
46

Athens

known as the birthplace of democracy

New cards
47

Democracy

derived from Greek meaning “commoner’s rule.” People make decisions in politics and government.

New cards
48

Representative democracy

citizens do not serve directly but elect representatives

New cards
49

Direct democracy

male property owners over 20 could vote and be involved

New cards
50

Age of Enlightenment

intellectual movement throughout the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe

New cards
51

Subject (vs. citizen)

a member of a state under a monarch, controlled by the monarch’s power and didn’t have any political representation

New cards
52

Glorious Revolution

occurred in Britain in 1688 and added to the Magna Carta. It limited the throne’s power and granted more to Parliament.

New cards
53

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

French constitution formed from the French Revolution

New cards
54

Apartheid

legal racial segregation in South Africa. Black citizens couldn’t vote, but mixed race and Indian citizens had limited voting rights.

New cards
55

Seneca Falls Convention

the first women's rights convention in 1848

New cards
56

Suffragette

a women’s suffrage activists

New cards
57

Bicameral legislature

two-body legislature

New cards
58

Electoral College

system involving electoral delegates from each state, ultimately deciding the presidential outcome

New cards
59

Gerrymandering

redrawing districts to better suit a party, candidate, or outcome

New cards
60

Political economy

the study of economics in the context of a political entity’s government

New cards
61

Feudalism

a medieval European system where nobles/lords owned land, which was worked on by serfs and peasants.

New cards
62

Guilds

associations of craftsmen in specific trades; oversaw rules, regulations, and practices regarding their trades and services.

New cards
63

Mercantilism

idea that European countries should gain as much wealth (gold) as possible while restricting foreign trade

New cards
64

Adam Smith

economist who published The Wealth of Nations regarding an economic system based on supply and demand.

New cards
65

Capitalism

economic system where trade and industry are under private control with minimal government involvement

New cards
66

Joint stock company

includes multiple investors putting in funds, risk and reward are more evenly distributed

New cards
67

Laissez-faire capitalism

French term “leave alone” referring to an economy with little government involvement

New cards
68

Karl Marx

believed private ownership of the means of production led to the exploitation of workers

New cards
69

Communism

theory involving property and means of production equally shared

New cards
70

Planned/command economy

state controls production rather than a supply and demand system by consumers

New cards
71

Socialism

theory involving state control of major industries and public services available to all citizens

New cards
72

Market socialism (like Yugoslavia)

large industries were publicly owned and workers had some control over how industries were run

New cards
73

Civil conflict

occurs within a sovereign nation-state

New cards
74

American Civil War

fought between the Union (North) and the Confederacy (South) over the issue of slavery

New cards
75

Reconstruction

process of rebuilding the nation in the period after the Civil War

New cards
76

Centripetal forces

points of unity and agreement

New cards
77

Centrifugal forces

create division and conflict within a country

New cards
78

Balkanization

process where an area divides into smaller units based on differences like culture, ethnicity, and religion

New cards
79

Josip Broz Tito

centripetal political force in Yugoslavia

New cards
80

Chechnya

region controlled by Russia but became a semi-independent territory after the fall of the USSR

New cards
81

The Velvet Divorce

peaceful split of Czechoslovakia into 2 separate nations as a result of a referendum vote

New cards
82

Manifest Destiny

idea that God wanted America to expand its territories across North America

New cards
83

Irredentism

a nation or nationality wanting to expand its current territory.

New cards
84

Reunification

restoration of political unity, especially in a formerly divided territory

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 457 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 43 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 739 people
... ago
5.0(3)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (42)
studied byStudied by 73 people
... ago
5.0(7)
flashcards Flashcard (23)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
4.5(2)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (164)
studied byStudied by 25 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (41)
studied byStudied by 107 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (57)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (155)
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot