EXAM REVISION ATOMS AND IONS

What are atoms made up of?

3 sub-atomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons

Where are the sub-atomic particles in an atoms situated?

Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of an atoms.
Electrons move around the nucleus in a shell, which form an electron cloud that surround the nucleus.

Atomic symbols and atomic structure

The atomic number is the smallest number and it represents the protons and electrons (what element it is)
The mass number is the larger number and it tells us the number of neutrons from subtracting the two numbers.

What is an element?

A substance made up of only one type of

atom. These are found on the periodic table.

What is a compound?

A substance formed from more than one element

Molecules

A group of two or more non-metallic atoms that are bound together.

What is a lattice?

Bound together atoms which form together to form repeating structures.
If a metal is present then a lattice always forms, some lattices will include non-metals.

What is a crystal lattice?

They are still bound together atoms which form together to form repeating structures. However this lattice has a particular shape.

What are metallic lattices?

don't have a set shape which is why metal can be turned into many shapes. They have a "sea" of free electrons floating within the lattice (which is why metals are conductors of electricity

What are isotopes?

Atoms with the same atomic number and different mass numbers.

Electron shells

The electron configuration shows the number of electrons in each shell of an atom.

What is the maximum number electrons which can be found in the third shell of an atom?

18 (2,8,18)

What is the formula for the electron configuration?

(2,8,8)

Horizontal rows in the periodic table are called..

Periods. They are number 1 to 7 and they all have the same number of shells with electrons in them

Vertical columns in the periodic table are called…

Groups. They are numbered 1 to 18 and all elements in that group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.

What are the properties of metals?

Lustrous, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, solid at room temperate and are ductile.

What are the properties of non-metals

Poor conductors of heat and electricity, lack a metallic luster, are brittle, and have low melting and boiling points

What are the properties of metalloids?

Metalloids possess a mix of metallic and non-metallic properties. They are typically solid, have a metallic luster, and are brittle

What are alloys?

An alloy is a metal combined with small amounts of another element.

What are ions?

Atoms that have unequal numbers of protons and electrons